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![Space race: who will be the first on the moon? "Title =" Space Race: Who will be the first on the moon? "/> <!--TEnd--></div>
<p> Eleven years ago, China sent its first orbital ship to the moon, thus committing itself to an ambitious Chinese satellite development program Earth </p>
<p> Now, for the right to First, to establish the colony on the Moon, the Chinese, the United States and Europe compete against each other, and Russia has already promised to build the first lunar colony in 2015. As that did not happen, the Russians must now "jump on the feet" "to the Americans … </p>
<p> Plant their own braids The Chinese works on Chang & # 39; e 4 on the back of the Moon have took place before the New Year. This landing took place on December 7, 2018. The Chinese Space Agency may indeed be proud of a successful operation, even though it should be noted that ". there is now no large-scale "space odyssey". For example, on the Chang dashboard, there were several devices developed by experts from other countries – for example, the Germans provided the cosmic radiation counter developed at the University of Kiel. But this landing is still a major step forward for the cosmopolitan Chinese. <br /> October 24, 2007. The launch of the missile Chang & # 39; e 1 on board / Awionews photo </p>
<p> The Chinese began their ambitious program 11 years ago: October 24, 2007, the first aircraft of the People's Republic from China – Chang & # 39; e 1 – was heading towards the Moon. Named he was the name of the Chinese Lunar Goddess. It was only the beginning. Now, the Chinese have promised that their first colony would be based on the moon for ten years. </p>
<p> Unlike the traditional "cosmic powers", China has chosen its own way of studying the Earth's satellite. The development program of the Chinese moon, although it needs to cooperate with partners such as the European Space Agency of ESA, to maintain communication with its probe via the European network ESTRACK , but all the main components of the spacecraft are made in China. However, the Chinese space agency CNSA, at least, collaborates in part with private space companies, mainly the United States. </p>
<p> "Chang & # 1;" circled the moon for about a year and four consecutive months, until March 1, 2009, her project being "abandoned". This probe first studied the association of minerals and the direction of the solar wind around the satellite to determine where the colony might be best installed. </p>
<p> Data thus obtained were also used to prepare two other missions: Chang & # 39; e 2. "Started Oct. 1, 2010 – by design, it looked like its predecessor, but it had a modernized camcorder and launched the Moon into a much larger orbit low. This gave him the opportunity to obtain high-precision photographs and to "aim" in more detail, to choose a possible landing spot for "successor". </p>
<p> And this "successor" did not have to wait long: an automatic ship named "Chang & # 39; e 3" on December 14 In 2013, after a two-week stay on orbit from the moon he landed and released the Utah lunch. This rover traveled to the lunar surface for 31 weeks in a row – although the connection with it is not very firm, it is impossible to transmit the collected data to the Earth for weeks. . </p>
<p> But the ingenious Chinese space engineers predict it too. After all, on orbit, there was an old "chang & # 39; e 2" reliable. It was he who received the duplicate signals from Utah, accumulated them, and when it became apparent that the connection to the Earth had broken out, he realized that no automatic probe had managed to do: he left the orbit of the moon and came to one of the so-called "Lagrange points" – that is, places where gravity forces of the Earth and the Moon counterbalance each other. Point L2 is about 1.5 million kilometers from the Earth. From there, Chang & # 2; sent to the control center all data collected by the lunar mobile. At the same time, he manages to get closer to a distance of just 3.2 kilometers from one of the asteroids flying over the Earth around the Earth and photographing it in detail. </p>
<p> The case of astronauts? </p>
<p> This will look like the Deep Space Gateway / NASA Space Station </p>
<p> China now takes "the view" from the other side of the Moon: it's there that Chang's e 4 landed and the next spacecraft, Chang's e 5, was sent there. The fifth mission has already begun: on October 31, 2014, a test probe "Chang & # 39; e 5-T1" was launched. He flew over the moon and returned successfully to Earth. It was loaded with 14 kilograms of experimental cargo of non-Chinese origin, but of German and Luxembourg origin – from the Bremen Otto Hydraulik (OHB) company and Luxembourg LuxSpace. The main purpose of the experiment is to determine if it is possible to normally return the automatic capsule to the Earth. </p>
<p> Because "Chang & # 5" must not only land on the moon, but also come back with soil samples from where the Chinese are hoping. establish your own colony This is a huge step on the ambitious path of creating conditions for people to live and work on the moon. For the moment, observers predict that the first crew will land at approximately the same location as July 16, 1969, the Americans Neil Armstrong and Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin of the ship "Apollo-11" (to my great regret, their third comrade, Michael Collins, in this respect Much 19659003] Fun Details: It is not so long ago, the Kremlin Conservative for the Russian cosmic programs Dmitry Rogozin, under whose guidance everything falls theyhe more Russian ships and satellites, has said the Americans say, the moon just lands naduryly all of humanity.In response, NASA leaders have suggested to the Russians to "take themselves and verify." It seems that the Russians, technically, are now unable to carry out such inspections – "take off and check" … However, it is still unclear when exactly when Chang & # 39; e 5. Before, the Chinese space agency CNSA avai I hope to launch it in 2017, but it does not mention any specific terms … </p>
<p> In general, the planning of space is uncertain and ungrateful. The same Russians who argue that the Americans have not surrendered to the moon have promised themselves that the first Russian colony would be founded there in 2015 – and not just founded, but would have a permanent connection with the Earth at the same time. help from a multiple ship that is still not in the wild. exists, but they received a nice name "Clipper". In addition, it was planned to remove from the Moon many minerals from the Space Shuttle "Ferry" – in addition to the name, there are no nuts of this ship in the world. Russian space commanders are now trying not to mention these plans (as well as their own space exploration projects), but have instead decided to join the international program of the conquest of the moon – program run by the same United States of which they speak, they were deceived in 1969 All the white light … </p>
<p> As for the Americans, NASA plans to start building a space station in the orbit of the moon. The project titled "Deep Space Gateway" (and this name was chosen not simply: the Moon is the most "natural" port most convenient for the jump from humanity to other planets) should be completed between 2024 and 2026. This also officially involves the Russians – however, as we can conclude from official sources, in a somewhat strange way: the Americans finance a project, develop blocks and devices, build a station, and the Russians … provide the crew. As he said, "Where a horse with a hoof, there and a cancer with a claw." </p>
<p> However, if NASA is satisfied with this, why not? Eventually, the project indirectly involves the same Chinese and Europeans – for example, ESA's European Space Agency develops and launches residential modules for NASA's future "workhorse", the Orion spacecraft , which must cut out the details of the new station at the orbit of the moon. Several European countries are now considering the possibility of taking part in the project. Japan, which delivered its own probe to the moon in 2007, and India, whose monthly program began in 2008 with the launch of the orbital space satellite and landing module land station, could also join it . </p>
<p> That is to say that everyone works and invests. The Americans brought to the program of ships and a station project, Europeans – modules and measuring equipment, Japanese – communication, Chinese – collected data, Indians – money … Well, there will be good people – and bring cosmonauts Russian … </p>
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<p> SinterHab Project – the station was planning to build on the moon / Photo Hi-News </p>
<p> It should be noted that no one expects particular commercial benefits from this project. Partner countries are more interested in expanding their research capabilities and establishing a spaceport from which it will be possible to start deeper or, on the contrary, at the periphery of the solar system. The astronomers of the project are particularly interested: on the back of the Moon, you can see that the starry sky is much better than from Earth or even from Earth's orbit. In addition, it is an excellent test site for new technologies, primarily for a future Mars mission. </p>
<p> This project offers a lot of useful information for scientists – but from the industry's point of view. For example, it is unlikely that the luminous minerals dreamed of "Roskosmos" have reached Earth in the near future – the space truck "Ferry" remained a beautiful fairy tale, so that the moon cargo in the industrial volumes " do not shine ". </p>
<p> That is why, by the way, there is still no private company in the world that would have considered dealing with the "exploitation of space" – the same Ilon Mask, precisely for this reason, did not want to participate in the "monthly" project. Instead, he is known to immediately prepare for an expedition on Mars – and it is under this ambitious program that he is assisted by the designers of BC "Pivdenne". The Ukraine may not be the first on the moon, but it is possible that the pair of three modules in yellow and blue is on Mars … </p>
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