[ad_1]
Here is some basic information about the Ebola virus, a high-mortality virus that was first identified in Africa in 1976.
facts:
Ebola hemorrhagic fever is a disease caused by one of five different Ebola viruses. Four of the strains can cause serious illness in humans and animals. The fifth virus, the Reston virus, has caused disease in some animals, but not in humans.
The first human foci took place in 1976, one in northern Zaire (present – day Democratic Republic of Congo) in Central Africa: and the other in southern Sudan (today 39). South Sudan). The virus is named after the Ebola River, where the virus was first recognized in 1976, according to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Ebola is extremely contagious but not extremely contagious. It is contagious because a tiny amount can cause diseases. Laboratory experiments on non-human primates suggest that even a single virus can be enough to trigger a deadly infection.
The Ebola virus could be considered moderately contagious because the virus is not transmitted by air.
Humans can be infected by other humans if they come into contact with the body fluids of an infected person or contaminated objects from infected people. Humans can also be exposed to the virus, for example by slaughtering infected animals.
Although the exact reservoir of Ebola virus is still unknown, researchers believe that the most likely natural hosts are bats.
Symptoms of Ebola usually include: weakness, fever, body aches, diarrhea, vomiting, and stomach pain. Additional experiences include rashes, red eyes, chest pain, sore throat, difficulty breathing or swallowing, and bleeding (including internal bleeding).
Symptoms usually appear eight to ten days after exposure to the virus, but the incubation period can last from two to 21 days.
Unprotected health care workers may be infected because of their close contact with patients during treatment.
Ebola is not transmissible if someone is asymptomatic and usually not after someone has recovered. However, the virus has been found in semen for up to three months, and "possibly" is transmitted through contact with this sperm, according to the CDC.
Deadly Ebola outbreaks have been confirmed in the following countries: Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Gabon, South Sudan, Ivory Coast, Uganda, Republic of Congo (DRC), Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone.
There are five subspecies of the Ebola virus: the Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV), the Bundibugyo ebolavirus (BDBV), the Sudanese ebolavirus (SUDV), the Taïve ebolavirus (TAFV) and the reston d Ebolavirus (RESTV).
Click here for the list of known cases and outbreaks of the CDC.
Outbreak of West Africa 2014-2016:
(Complete historical chronology below)
March 25, 2014 – The CDC publishes its first announcement about an outbreak in Guinea and reported cases in Liberia and Sierra Leone. "In Guinea, as of March 24, 2014, a total of 86 suspected cases, including 59 deaths (CFR: 68.5%), had been reported. Preliminary results from the Pasteur Institute of Lyon, France, suggest that the Zaire infection virus is the causative agent. . "
April 16, 2014 – The New England Journal of Medicine publishes a report, speculating that Zero Patient of the current epidemic was two years old and coming from Guinea. The child died on December 6, 2013, followed by his mother, sister and grandmother in the following month.
July 2014 – Patrick Sawyer, senior official of the Liberian government at the Ministry of Finance, dies in a local Nigerian hospital. He is the first American to die in what officials call "the most lethal Ebola epidemic in history."
July 2014 – Nancy Writebol, an American relief worker in Liberia, is tested positive for the Ebola virus. According to Samaritan's Purse, the Writebol is infected while treating Ebola patients in Liberia.
July 26, 2014 – Kent Brantly, medical director of the Samaritan Purse Ebola Case Management Center in Liberia, is infected with the virus. According to Samaritan's Purse, Brantly is infected while treating patients with Ebola.
July 29, 2014 – According to Médecins sans Frontières, Dr. Sheik Humarr Khan, Ebola Treatment Manager at the Kenema Public Hospital in Sierra Leone, dies from the disease.
July 30, 2014 – The Peace Corps announces the withdrawal of its volunteers from Liberia, Sierra Leone and Guinea.
July 31, 2014 – The CDC issues a warning at level 3. It warns US residents to avoid "non-essential travel" in Sierra Leone, Guinea and Liberia.
August 2, 2014 – A specially equipped medical plane carrying an Ebola patient, Dr. Brantly, lands at the Dobbins Air Reserve Base in Marietta, Georgia. He is then taken by ambulance to Emory University Hospital in Atlanta.
August 4, 2014 – CNN reports that three highly secretive experimental vials of the drug, "ZMapp", were sent to Liberia last week with the ultimate goal of saving Brantly and Writebol, according to a source familiar with the details of the treatment. Doctors report "a significant improvement."
August 6, 2014 – Writebol arrives at Emory in Atlanta for treatment.
August 8, 2014 – World Health Organization (WHO) experts said the Ebola epidemic ravaging West Africa was an international health emergency that required a coordinated global approach, which she described as the worst outbreak in the world. epidemic in forty years of follow-up of the disease.
August 19, 2014 – Liberian President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf instituted a national curfew on August 20 and ordered the full quarantine of two communities, with no movement of entry or exit.
August 21, 2014 – Brantly is out of Emory University Hospital. It was also announced that Writebol had been released on August 19th. These releases come after Emory staff made sure Brantly and Writebol pose "no threat to public health."
September 6, 2014 – The Government of Sierra Leone announces plans for national containment from 19 to 21 September to curb the spread of the Ebola virus. The lockdown is presented as a social rather than medical campaign in which volunteers go door to door to talk to people.
September 16, 2014 – US President Barack Obama calls Ebola outbreak-focused efforts in West Africa "the biggest international response in the history of the CDC". Speaking from the CDC headquarters in Atlanta, Obama adds that "in the face of this epidemic, the world in the United States is leading international efforts to fight the virus." He said the United States was ready to assume this leadership role.
September 30, 2014 – Dr. Thomas Frieden, director of the CDC, announces the first case of Ebola diagnosed in the United States. The person has been hospitalized and isolated at Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital in Dallas since September 28th.
October 1, 2014 – Liberian government officials publish the name of the first case of Ebola diagnosed in the United States: Thomas Eric Duncan.
October 6, 2014 – The nurse assistant in Spain is the first person known to have contracted the Ebola virus outside Africa during the current epidemic. The woman helped to treat two Spanish missionaries, both of whom were infected with Ebola in West Africa, one in Liberia and the other in Sierra Leone. Both died after their return to Spain. On 19 October, the Spanish Special Committee on Ebola announced that nurse aide Teresa Romero Ramos was considered to be free from Ebola.
October 6, 2014 – Ashoka Mukpo, a freelance cameraman for NBC, arrives at the Nebraska Medical Center for treatment after contracting the Ebola virus in Liberia. On October 21, the hospital announced that Mukpo no longer had the Ebola virus in his blood and that he would be allowed to leave.
October 8, 2014 – Duncan dies of Ebola in Dallas.
October 11, 2014 – Nina Pham, a Dallas nurse who has been busy with Duncan, the deceased Ebola patient, presents a positive Ebola test result during a preliminary blood test. She is the first person to contract the Ebola virus on American soil.
October 15, 2014 – Amber Vinson, a second Dallas nurse who also cares for Duncan, is diagnosed with the Ebola virus. Authorities say Vinson took the commercial plane between Cleveland and Dallas a few days before presenting a positive Ebola test.
October 20, 2014 – Under fire after the Ebola cases involving two Dallas nurses, the CDC issues updated Ebola guidelines that emphasize the importance of training and supervision. increased, and recommend that no skin be exposed when workers are wearing personal protective equipment or personal protective equipment.
October 23, 2014 – Craig Spencer, a 33-year-old doctor recently returned from Guinea, tested positive for the Ebola virus. This is the first case of the deadly virus in New York and the fourth diagnosed in the United States.
October 24, 2014 – The National Institutes of Health announces that one of the Dallas nurses, Pham, has been declared free of the Ebola virus. Doctors at Emory University Hospital say the tests no longer detect the virus in the blood of the other nurse, Vinson. Pham is released from a Maryland hospital Oct. 24 and Vinson from an Atlanta hospital Oct. 28.
October 24, 2014 – In response to the Ebola affair in New York, the governors of New York and New Jersey announced that their states were strengthening airport screening beyond the federal requirements applicable to travelers from Africa to New York. ;Where is. The new protocol provides for quarantine for anyone, including medical personnel, who has had direct contact with people infected with the Ebola virus in Liberia, Sierra Leone or Guinea. The policy allows states to determine hospitalization or quarantine for up to 21 days for other travelers from affected countries.
November 5, 2014 – The help of nurse Romero, who would have been the first person to contract the Ebola virus outside Africa, has left the hospital in Madrid, Spain.
November 11, 2014 – Dr. Spencer, the first person to have achieved a positive result on the Ebola test in New York, has left the Bellevue Hospital. With Spencer free of the virus, all US patients with Ebola have recovered.
November 15, 2014 – Dr. Martin Salia, infected with the Ebola virus while he was treating patients in Sierra Leone, arrives at the Nebraska Medical Center in Omaha. Salia, originally from Sierra Leone, is a legal permanent resident of the United States married to a US citizen.
November 17, 2014 – Dr. Salia dies at the Nebraska Medical Center.
December 24, 2014 – The CDC announces that a technician will be monitored for three weeks after possibly being exposed to the Ebola virus in one of the agency's laboratories in Atlanta. The agency reports that a small amount of material that may contain the live virus has been mistakenly transferred from one lab to another.
December 2014 – The American doctor Ian Crozier, who had been declared free of Ebola and taken out of Emory University Hospital in October 2014, discovered the virus in his left eye. He had contacted the disease while he was working in Sierra Leone. Not likely to spread the disease, Dr. Crozier is treated and goes to Liberia early April 2015.
January 18, 2015 – Mali is declared free of Ebola virus after no new cases in 42 days.
February 22, 2015 – Liberia is reopening its land-locked borders during the Ebola outbreak and Liberian President Sirleaf is also lifting the national curfew imposed in August to fight the virus.
May 9, 2015 – The WHO declares the end of the Ebola outbreak in Liberia. More than 4,000 have died.
November 2015 – According to the Liberian Ministry of Health, three new confirmed cases of Ebola have appeared in the country.
December 29, 2015 – The WHO states that Guinea is free of the Ebola virus 42 days after its death because the last person who confirmed the infection with the virus was tested negative for the second time.
January 14, 2016 – The UN issued a statement that "for the first time since the beginning of this devastating epidemic, all known transmission chains of Ebola virus in West Africa have been halted and no new cases have occurred. 39, has been reported since the end of November ".
January 15, 2016 – A new case of Ebola in Sierra Leone, in which the patient died, is confirmed by the WHO and the CDC.
March 29, 2016 – The Director General of the WHO unveils the urgency of Public Health International Concern (PHEIC) linked to the 2014-2016 Ebola outbreak in Africa. ;Where is.
Chronology:
* Includes information on the Ebola virus and other outbreaks that resulted in more than 100 deaths or special cases.
1976 – The first EBOV virus disease was detected in Zaire (now Democratic Republic of the Congo). The outbreak recorded 318 human cases, resulting in 280 deaths. An SUDV outbreak is also occurring in Sudan (now southern Sudan), resulting in 284 cases and 151 deaths.
1989 – In Reston, Virginia, macaque monkeys imported from the Philippines were infected with the Ebola virus (later called the Ebola-Reston virus).
1990 – In Texas and Virginia, four people develop anti-Ebola antibodies after coming in contact with monkeys imported from the Philippines. None of the humans have any symptoms.
1995 – An epidemic in the DRC (formerly Zaire) resulted in 315 reported cases and at least 250 deaths.
2000-2001 – A Ugandan epidemic (SUDV) resulted in 425 human cases and 224 deaths.
2001-2002 – An epidemic of EBOV occurs at the border between Gabon and the Republic of Congo (ROC), resulting in the death of 53 people on the Gabonese side and at least 43 deaths on the side of the Republic of Congo .
December 2002-April 2003 – An outbreak of EBOV virus in the DRC resulted in 143 reported cases and 128 deaths.
2007 – An epidemic of EBOV occurs in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), 187 of the 264 reported cases resulted in death. At the end of 2007, an epidemic in Uganda resulted in 37 deaths and 149 cases in total.
November 2008 – Ebola-Reston virus (RESTV) is detected in five humans in the Philippines. They work on a pig farm and in a slaughterhouse and have no symptoms.
August 26, 2014-November 2014 – The DRC Ministry of Health is notifying the WHO of an outbreak of Ebola in the country. It is the seventh outbreak in the country since 1976, when the virus was first identified near the Ebola River. The epidemic is not related to the ongoing epidemic in Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria and Sierra Leone. A total of 66 cases were reported, resulting in 49 deaths.
July 31, 2015 – The CDC announces that a recently developed Ebola vaccine is "very effective" and could help prevent its spread during current and future outbreaks.
December 22, 2016 – The British medical journal The Lancet publishes an article on a new vaccine against the Ebola virus that has been shown to be 100% effective in clinical trials of the drug. The study was conducted in Guinea with more than 11,000 people.
May 8, 2018 – DRC government declares outbreak of Ebola haemorrhagic fever in Bikoro Health Zone. This is the ninth outbreak of Ebola in the DRC since the discovery of the virus in the country in 1976. The DRC Ministry of Health officially declares the outbreak ended on July 24, 2018. Fifty- four cases of Ebola were recorded during the epidemic. , including 33 deaths.
August 1, 2018 – The DRC Ministry of Health has declared an Ebola outbreak in five health zones in North Kivu province and one health zone in Ituri province. Containment of the virus and the response can be difficult due to geographical and political challenges. As of 20 November, a total of 386 people had been infected, including 219 deaths. Of the 386 cases, 339 are confirmed by laboratory results and 47 are probable. This is the worst Ebola outbreak in the DRC in the country's history.
August 27, 2018 – The WHO reported that two of the first 16 people to have received experimental treatment for Ebola recovered during the outbreak of August 2018 in the North Kivu provinces and the US. Ituri in the DRC. WHO spokesperson Tarik Jasarevic said five experimental Ebola treatments have been approved to treat people infected with the Ebola virus. Two are already in use and the other three will do the same.
Source link
