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The two undercarriages performed a series of surface experiments to detect microbial biosignatures.
The results of the mission were both inconclusive and controversial, leading to a wide debate on the validity of the results.
More than 40 years after the mission, scientists still can not agree on what was found on Mars.
But Gilbert Levin, the former principal investigator of Vikings' Labeled Release (LR) life-detection experiment, still maintains that the experience has been an incredible success.
In 1977, the NASA expert concluded that the experiment had detected evidence of life on Mars when a soil sample had been tested positive for metabolism.
When he appeared on Dr. David Livingston's Space Show, Dr. Levin criticized NASA for not following the Viking missions.
He said, "I'm sure NASA knows that there is life on Mars."
Viking's experiments were controversial because they produced contradictory sets of results in related experiments.
The LR test initially found signs of metabolism in the soil, but a second experiment revealed no trace of organic matter.
Scientists have argued that metabolism could not occur without organic matter.
Dr. Levin has now urged NASA to reconsider Viking's findings in addition to 40 years of data collected since 1976.
The space expert pointed out that there is "substantial and circumstantial evidence" to prove that life exists on Mars.
Last June, NASA finally revealed the presence of organic compounds hidden in the ancient Martian rock.
NASA has announced that its remote Curiosity rover has found the "hard" organic molecule of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen, among others.
NASA's incredible discovery is based on NASA's confidence in the pursuit of extraterrestrial life on Mars.
Dr. Levin argued that there are other convincing signs to support the theory, such as the seasonal peaks of methane on Mars.
About 90% of methane on Earth is produced by living organisms such as cows and microbes.
The Mars expert said that this was essential proof, but that atmospheric methane is also produced by the interaction of water and rock.
NASA itself concluded in June that current evidence suggests that Mars was once abundant in liquid water – a vital part of life.
Last month, former NASA leader Ellen Stofan told the US Senate she was "optimistic". Simple life forms evolved on Mars in the distant passage.
She argued that it would force humans to return to Mars to dig through layers and layers of Martian soil and rocks to prove it.
Astrobiologist Chris McKay, NASA's Ames Research Center, also said, "We can not rule out that Gil Levin is right and that there is a dormant form of life in the Martian soil.
For the majority, However, scientists agree that Viking undercarriages do not have detect extraterrestrial life on Mars 40 years ago.
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