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We live in an experimental era. Any possible idea that the human spirit can evoke has been materialized by technology. In a world that hopes to work with artificial intelligence and create machines, we have innovations that cover the entire spectrum of "needs". Robots who give interviews and express their opinions to a murderous AI, our planet has practically every possible innovation. However, have you ever encountered a robot made to suffer? Looks pathetic, is not it? However, this wonderful robot plays a vital role in the lives of medical students and in their understanding of real medical cases. Hal the robot boy is designed to recreate realistic medical scenarios that students can manipulate and analyze effectively. The real-world experience is amplified thanks to the very precise answers and demonstrations given by Hal, guiding students towards a complex practice.
This medical training robot turns out to be an effective replacement for lifeless mannequins that fail to recreate the emotional and physical reactions experienced by the patient and the doctor. Hal can shed tears, bleed and urinate. If you light up his eyes, his pupils shrink. You can control it wirelessly for anaphylactic shock or cardiac arrest. You can connect it to real hospital machines and even shake it with a defibrillator. Hal has such emotionally charged answers that medical institutions tend to keep it low to avoid scare trainees.
The idea is a huge success and seems to entice students to perfect their study because of its highly immersive experience. "I've seen many nurses look the same, Whoa's moving!" Says Marc Berg, medical director of the Revive for Resuscitation Excellence Initiative in Stanford. "I think it sounds like the idea that if you've driven a car for 20 years and you've got a brand new car, you're sort of surprised at first."
The company that helped create this fascinating $ 48,000 robot is Gaumard Scientific, which has been developing medical simulators since the 1940s, starting with synthetic skeletons and anatomical figures. Now, the company's technology has become much more interactive with Hal's family of humanoid robots. Victoria is a robotic woman who gives birth to a baby robot. And Super Tory is a newborn who can help nurses learn to monitor the signs of illness in real babies.
Inside Hal, a combined mechanical and pneumatic system makes him breathe and a cartridge in his leg allows him to breathe CO2 out. Hydraulic systems provide fake blood and tears. Servomotors pull on his face, helping him to look angry, scared or suffering. He presents situations that require emotional assistance such as shouting for his mother and telling you not to touch him. You can also choose to interact with him through a system that turns your voice into that of a 5 year old child.
One of the reasons for building Hal was to train medical workers on how to approach children, who may not be heard or cooperate about their symptoms. "They can often do it by facial expression," says James Archetto, vice president of Gaumard. To understand the terms, the company's engineers worked with pediatricians to replicate how an angry or happy child's face moves by studying complex responses that range from wrinkled brow to muscle contraction.
However, the robot was primarily designed to be studied and not to provide a horrible experience. Although the answers remained realistic, the scientists did not seem too realistic by adding freckles or imperfections. His goal is to convince trainees that he is really an effective tool, but not so real that it becomes a distraction.
What Hal has, however, is a working nose and mouth. "In certain situations such as anaphylaxis, his tongue will swell, his throat will swell," Archetto explains. Medical trainees can even cut a small cleft in the throat to practice the insertion of a tracheal tube to restore the airways.
Students can also connect it to an electrocardiogram to monitor their "heart". He also has a pulse that he can monitor with an armband. An instructor can demonstrate these vital signs with the help of a tablet, by gathering some symptoms to simulate several medical conditions. "For many years, the models were only human rubber resemblances, without any interactivity," says Berg. "They are finally growing exponentially in their realism."
The main concern of this robot's operation is the graphic and painful nature of its responses. While this provides a credible experience and encourages students to accept and work effectively in an emotional crisis situation, this can be discouraging for people with weak hearts, giving them a fearful and negative view of their work. "We can increase the level of stress so high for participants that people will cry, basically having to give up the scenario," says Berg. "I think there's a good potential we're seeing more of that emotional response when the dummy is so realistic."
"Maybe someday the machines will be so sophisticated that they will be able to interpret our emotions and reproduce our emotions," says Lillian Su, medical director of simulation at Lucile Packard Children's Heart Center. "But until then, as humans, we have to control this part and know how to use the machine to train people in this type of environment.
"I think this will add an emotional layer, a challenge to which we, as educators, must be prepared," Su adds. Well, Hal certainly educates trainees and gives them a clear picture of what their practice holds for them!
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