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Tuesday's meeting between the two leaders comes as US-led sanctions against Russia and escalating trade war between China and the United States continue.
According to the Russian Ministry of Defense, at least 300,000 soldiers, 36,000 vehicles and 1,000 aircraft will participate in the Vostok 2018 exercises.
The exercises will take place from 11 to 17 September in the military district of eastern Russia, an underdeveloped and sparsely populated country near the country's borders with China and Mongolia.
In a statement in August, General Sergi Shoigu, Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Armed Forces, said the Games would be held on "an unprecedented scale, both in the territory and in the number of soldiers involved".
The ministry has already called the drills the most important war games since the fall of the Soviet Union.
Deepening links
The exercises coincide with the Russian-sponsored Eastern Economic Forum in Vladivostok on the Russian Pacific coast.
Xi said China and Russia will work together to maintain stability and peace in the world.
China and Russia would promote "the political resolution of hotspot issues, resolutely upholding the UN's charters and principles and fighting against unilateralism and protectionism to build a new kind of international relations and a community of shared future for humanity "alongside Putin.
The arrival of Xi in Vladivostok marked the first participation of a Chinese leader in the annual event and the third meeting between Xi and Putin in 2018.
Mutual trust
China and Russia have come together as the two countries seek to counter Washington.
In this context of concern over rising tensions in the United States, the national media of the two countries have comprehensively covered the closer relations between Xi and Putin.
Bobo Lo, an expert on China relations and author of "A Wary Embrace," told CNN that Putin and Xi had different reasons for wanting to boost their relationship.
"(China) is the perfect instrument to project Russia as a resurgent world power, so Russia is essentially saying that China, Russia and to a lesser extent India are part of this dynamic new world order", was -he declares.
"(For Beijing), they need Russia to be benign, so Russia may not be able to help China as much, but Russia can certainly make things difficult for China if it wants to."
