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The Milky Way still feels the effects of a collision with another galaxy that occurred hundreds of millions of years ago, scientists from the European Space Agency said.
Following the movement of more than 6 million stars from data collected by the Gaia Space Observatory, they noticed unusual activity in the heart of our galaxy.
Some stars were moving on their own path through the Milky Way rather than turning uniformly with the rest of the galaxy.
Dr. Teresa Antoja from the University of Barcelona stated that she was "shocked" when she first saw these movements and that she thought there must be something wrong with them. data.
"At first, the characteristics were very strange for us," she said.
Report their findings in the journal, NatureDr. Antoja and his colleagues suggested that the unexpected movements of these stars were triggered when the Sagittarius galaxy passed between 300 and 900 million years ago.
"It's a bit like throwing a stone into a pond, which is moving water in the form of waves and waves," Dr. Antoja said.
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This small galaxy of Sagittarius, made up of tens of millions of stars, is currently "cannibalized" as the Milky Way, much larger, consumes.
However, the last time the two galaxies interacted was not so direct.
As Sagittarius skirted the Milky Way, its gravity disrupted a few million stars and made them fly in different directions. The memory of this historical event can still be seen by carefully examining the velocities of the stars of the Milky Way.
The Gaia Observatory is able to measure the three-dimensional movement of stars by combining their position in space and their velocity.
When scientists plotted this information on a graph, it formed spiral shapes indicating the unusual paths that some stars continue to take.
The "snail shell" models that emerged from the data had never been seen before, because Gaia – which can accurately plot the positions of more than a billion stars – is a huge leap forward technology.
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"It suddenly looks like you've put the right glasses on and you see all the things you can not see before," said Dr. Antoja.
Despite this, the scientists said their findings are based on relatively simple computer models and analyzes. They now intend to examine the data further to find out more about the history of the Milky Way.
"The discovery was easy; the more difficult interpretations. And full understanding of its meaning and implications could take several years, "said Dr. Amina Helmi of the University of Groningen, who also contributed to the research.
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