The Legacy of Police Torture by Jon Burge and Chicago



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Jon Burge joined the Chicago Police Department in 1970, held various investigative positions, and served as a 1986 Commander until his dismissal in 1993. In 2010, he was convicted of an offense. to have lied about the torture of suspects. Special prosecutors had alleged that Burge and his team of rogue midnight detectives had been carrying out torture for two decades, forcing dozens of confessions.

March 1, 1970
Burge joins the Chicago Police Department

Veteran of the Vietnam War, Jon Burge, became a Chicago cop in 1970. He was promoted to detective in 1972 and held supervisory positions in the mid-1980s. Allegations of torture date back early in his career.

Jon Burge in 1983 when he was acting commander of the detective division of the Burnside region. (Walter Neal / Chicago Tribune)

February 14, 1982
Two murders of named cops

The police issued arrest warrants to Andrew Wilson and his younger brother Jackie F. Wilson during the fatal shooting of two police officers the previous week. The case Andrew Wilson will kill Jon Burge for years to come, including his dismissal from the police department.

February 14, 1989
Police brutality trial goes to trial

A federal lawsuit brought by Andrew Wilson alleges that his confession in the murder of two police officers in 1982 was forced under torture by investigators. The defendants cited in the $ 10 million lawsuit include the Brighton Park Cmdr. Burge and three other cops, who deny the charges.

This photo of Andrew Wilson was used to reinforce his claims of torture by the Chicago police. (Handout)

March 13, 1989
Burge denies torturing cop killer

Burge takes a stand in a civil rights case and denies allegations of police brutality brought by convicted police murderer Andrew Wilson against Burge and other police officers.

March 30, 1989
Mistrial in the Burge case

A federal judge declares a lawsuit inadmissible after a jury has not been able to make a decision regarding the allegations of torture against Burge. Two other police officers were charged with torturing Andrew Wilson after his arrest in 1982.

October 10, 1991
A trial accuses Burge, other police brutality

Gregory Banks, whose murder conviction was overturned because the police beat him in 1983, filed a lawsuit accusing Burge detectives of torturing him. The lawsuit charges Burge with "encouraging and supervising this violence".

Gregory Banks served seven years in prison until his conviction for murder was dismissed. (Chuck Berman / Chicago Tribune 2008)

November 8, 1991
Burge, 2 detectives are fired

Police Superintendent LeRoy Martin suspends and displaces Burge and two of his detectives after allegations of torture of detained prisoners.

LeRoy Martin in 1998. (John Lee / Chicago Tribune)

December 26, 1991
3 suspended officers lose their bids to win reinstatement

A federal judge refuses to order the Chicago Police Service to reinstate Burge and two other officers suspended without pay for allegations of brutality against Andrew Wilson.

February 10, 1992
Police commission starts hearings to dismiss Burge

Police murderer Andrew Wilson, who was convicted, spoke of alleged tortures by Burge, detective John Yucaitis and detective Patrick O. Hara at the start of the dismissal hearings of the three officers. Officers deny the charges.

January 13, 1993
Burge named in a lawsuit alleging the torture of a teenager

Burge is one of seven police officers prosecuted in federal court on behalf of Marcus Wiggins, who alleges that he was tortured while in custody during a 1991 murder investigation. Burge is not charged with having him personally tortured Wiggins.

Carolyn Johnson holds a photograph of her son, Marcus Wiggins, at a protest for police torture victims in Chicago. (Jose M. Osorio / Chicago Tribune 2008)

February 10, 1993
Burge fired by Chicago police

The police commission votes to dismiss the Cmdr. Burge accused of torturing Andrew Wilson, accused of killing two policemen 11 years earlier.

Andrew Wilson in an undated photo. (Photo of the Chicago Police Department)

October 4, 1993
The police killer suit naming Burge is relaunched

A federal court of appeal orders a new trial in the Andrew Wilson case against four Chicago police officers, including Burge, accusing them of torturing Wilson more than ten years ago. The order quashes the verdict of a lower federal court that exonerates the officers in 1989.

June 27, 1994
Burge loses his candidacy to be reinstated

A judge refuses to order the reinstatement of Burge, who was fired by the police commission for allegations of torture in the Andrew Wilson case.

February 2, 1999
Death sentences related to Burge

Six years after the dismissal of Burge on allegations of torture of an alleged murderer, charges of brutality against him and his detectives are reviewed while 10 inmates sentenced to death attempt to prove that they were beaten .

November 17, 1999
The Burge Ten

A Chicago Tribune investigation investigates 10 cases of death row inmates and their connection to Burge, as well as allegations of confessions obtained under torture. Read more.

August 10, 2000
Illinois Supreme Court dismisses 6 death sentences

Judges reverse or return six death penalty cases based on allegations of torture by police or other factors. The cases include death row inmates Aaron Patterson and Derrick King, who are being heard to present evidence of alleged torture by police working under Burge.

Aaron Patterson, left, and Derrick King claim to have been tortured by the police to make confessions that sent them to death row. (AP Photo, Illinois Department of Corrections)

January 19, 2001
A conviction for the freedom of the police

The convicted murderer Darrell Cannon, who claims to have been tortured by detectives under Burge, agrees to waive his request in exchange for a reduced prison sentence that could release him within three years.

Darrell Cannon at his home in Chicago's Pullman neighborhood. (Zbigniew Bzdak / Chicago Tribune 2011)

September 26, 2001
Death row inmates have offered an agreement to drop allegations of torture

Richard Devine, Cook County State Attorney, discusses agreements with a handful of inmates with longstanding claims that they were tortured and confessed by Burge and his detectives. Inmates are Derrick King, Stanley Howard, Andrew Maxwell and Aaron Patterson.

Richard A. Devine, Cook County Lawyer. (Bonnie Trafelet / Chicago Tribune 2003)

April 24, 2002
Special Prosecutor to Investigate Torture Allegations

The Chief Justice of the Cook County Criminal Court appoints a special prosecutor to investigate decades-old allegations that detectives under Burge have tortured suspects.

January 10, 2003
Governor George Ryan forgives 4 on death row

Ryan forgives four death row inmates who claim to have been tortured by Burge or his detectives: Aaron Patterson, Madison Hobley, Leroy Orange and Stanley Howard.

Governor George Ryan at a press conference after pardoning several inmates over the execution and announced general clemency for all inmates on death row in Illinois. (Zbigniew Bzdak / Chicago Tribune)

May 29, 2003
Prisoner sentenced to death for alleged torture

Madison Hobley, pardoned by Governor George Ryan, files a complaint in which he alleges that Burge and his detectives tortured him during their investigation into a fire in 1987 that killed seven people.

Madison Hobley spent 16 years in prison before being released. (Chuck Berman / Chicago Tribune 2007)

June 26, 2003
Prisoner sentenced to death sentences $ 30 million

Aaron Patterson, pardoned by Governor George Ryan in January 2003, files a federal complaint alleging that he was tortured or threatened by Burge and the officers he commanded while they were investigating a double murder in 1986.

Aaron Patterson, who was released from death row but later convicted for drug trafficking and other offenses, during an interview in prison in 2004. (Abel Uribe / Chicago Tribune)

November 24, 2003
A pardoned convict lodges a complaint of torture

Stanley Howard, a former death row detainee, is taking legal action alleging that Burge and his detectives used torture to force his confession to a murder in 1984 that Howard says he did not commit.

January 10, 2004
Ex-prisoner charged with torture

Leroy Orange, a former death row inmate, pardoned by Governor George Ryan, files a federal complaint against Burge and other police detectives, alleging they tortured him with four murders in 1985. he did not commit.

Leroy Orange leaving Cook County Jail after his pardon in January 2003. (Charles Cherney / Chicago Tribune)

August 4, 2004
Burge says to return to Chicago to testify

A federal judge of first instance orders Burge, who currently lives in Florida, to come to Chicago to file a lawsuit in lawsuits filed by Madison Hobley and Aaron Patterson, two inmates sentenced to death.

September 1, 2004
Burge takes the fifth repeatedly on torture issues

During videotaped depositions in two trials by death row inmates on death row, Burge remains a mother when asked if he or detectives under his command had tortured suspects.

July 19, 2006
Report: The cops used torture

Concluding a four-year investigation, the special prosecutors allege that Burge has been torturing suspects for two decades. But the investigation indicates that Burge and other police officers can not be prosecuted because the statute of limitations has expired. Read more.

April 24, 2007
Report denounces Special Prosecutor's investigations into police torture

A coalition of civil rights organizations issued a report stating that a four-year investigation into police torture was money laundering and that two special prosecutors had sufficient evidence to charge Jon Burge with other.

September 20, 2007
Aldermen demand an indictment against Burge

A group of city council members is asking US Attorney Patrick Fitzgerald to charge Burge and detectives under his command for torturing suspects in their custody.

September 26, 2007
Feds looking into cop torture

US lawyer Patrick Fitzgerald says his office is investigating reports of police torture from the 1970s to the 1990s, but he does not call Burge or the detectives working under him.

US Attorney Patrick Fitzgerald. (Terrence Antonio James / Chicago Tribune 2007)

December 7, 2007
City to settle the Burge case

Chicago agrees to pay up to $ 19.8 million to settle death row convicts Leroy Orange, Stanley Howard, Madison Hobley, and Aaron Patterson, allegedly tortured in confessions under the care of Jon Burge and his associates. detectives.

February 1, 2008
1983 Murder charges ranked according to Burge detectives

Prosecutors release murder charges against James Andrews, who has been in jail for a double homicide, he admitted to being tortured by detectives working under Burge.

James Andrews in prison. (Illinois Department of Photo Corrections)

October 21, 2008
The feds catch up with Burge

Burge is arrested for perjury and obstruction of justice, accused of lying in written responses that he had submitted in 2003 as part of a federal lawsuit over complaints of torture. Read more.

Jon Burge in front of the federal courthouse in Tampa, Florida, after being released. (Steve Nesius / AP)

October 27, 2008
Burge pleads not guilty

During a brief hearing in front of observers, Burge presents his plea to federal charges.

Jon Burge arrives at the Chicago Federal Court to plead. (Jose M. Osorio / Chicago Tribune)

January 9, 2009
Detainee bound to Burge to walk freely

After serving 25 years of life imprisonment, David Fauntleroy is released from the 1983 homicide. He maintained that he had been tortured and confessed by police working under Burge.

May 22, 2009
New trial granted in a case contaminated by Burge

A Cook County judge orders a new trial for convicted murderer Victor Safforld after finding out that three police detectives working under Burge probably beat him by admitting two murders in 1990.

David Fauntleroy in prison. (Illinois Department of Photo Corrections)

July 7, 2009
Prosecutors drop charges in Burge's 1988 murders

Ronald Kitchen and Marvin Reeves, who are serving sentences for the murders of two women and three children in 1988, are released from prison. Kitchen had claimed that the police under Burge had confessed him.

Ronald Kitchen celebrates with his followers after leaving Cook County Jail after 18 years in prison. (Abel Uribe / Chicago Tribune)

August 18, 2009
Advocacy agreement frees detainee

Mark Clements accepts a plea agreement that releases him from prison after 28 years. Clements claims that his confession to a 1981 arson that killed four people was forced after a beating by police under Burge.

Mark Clements in May 2010 outside the Cook County Correctional Center. (Chris Walker / Chicago Tribune)

September 3, 2009
Murdered murder, the man pursues Burge

Alton Logan, who has spent 26 years in prison for a murder that he did not commit, is filing a federal complaint alleging that Burge has removed evidence that would have proven his innocence.

Alton Logan in 2011. (Zbigniew Bzdak / Chicago Tribune)

January 14, 2010
Tillman released in Burge torture scandal

After 23 years in prison, charges were brought against Michael Tillman, who stated that police under Burge had confessed to him during a rape and murder in 1986.

Michael Tillman, in the center, leaves the Cook County Courthouse, a free man. (Zbigniew Bzdak / Chicago Tribune)

May 6, 2010
Start of the burge test

The jury selection begins at Burge's trial, accused of perjury and obstruction of justice for allegedly lied in 2003 when he denied sworn to have known or participated in the abuse of suspects. Read more.

Jon Burge is invaded by the media outside the federal court as his trial begins. (Jose M. Osorio / Chicago Tribune)

May 26, 2010
Burge trial opens on torture complaint

Former gang leader Anthony Holmes said Burge had used an electrical device and plastic bags to make him confess to a murder in the early 1970s.

Anthony Holmes in 2013. (Chris Walker / Chicago Tribune)

June 16, 2010
Burge breaks years of silence

Burge witnesses in tears at his perjury lawsuit that he has never beaten, shocked or choked anyone in his confession. Read more.

Jon Burge arrives in federal court and testifies in his trial. (Jose Osorio / Chicago Tribune)

June 28, 2010
Burge found guilty

A federal jury convicts Burge of the three counts of obstruction of justice and perjury for lying about torture in a civil action. Read more.

Jon Burge with a member of his legal team at the Chicago Federal Court the day he was convicted. (Alex Garcia / Chicago Tribune)

July 1st, 2010
Ex-Inmate Chases Daley and Burge

Ronald Kitchen, who spent more than 20 years in jail after the police allegedly used torture to obtain a false confession to five murders in 1988, continues Burge, his detectives and Mayor Richard M. Daley.

July 22, 2010
An alleged torture victim continues Burge

Michael Tillman, who spent 23 years in jail for rape and murder in 1986, files a federal complaint alleging that his confession was forced by Burge police who allegedly beat, burned, choked and threatened him with death.

Michael Tillman becomes emotional at a press conference in July 2010. (Brian Cassella / Chicago Tribune)

January 21, 2011
Burge gets 4 years and a half, says the judge, "I am a broken man"

A federal judge sentenced Burge to four-and-a-half years in prison, claiming that the torture of suspects had irreparably damaged the judicial system. Read more.

Jon Burge arrives for a sentence at Dirksen's US courthouse. (Jason Wambsgans / Chicago Tribune)

March 16, 2011
Caine released as Burge enters prison

Eric Caine, who said he was beaten to confess to a double murder committed in 1986 by investigators under Burge, is sentenced to be released by a Cook County judge the same day that Burge reports to the federal prison.

Eric Caine talks with reporters in front of the Menard Correctional Center after serving 25 years. (David Pierini / Chicago Tribune)

July 14, 2011
Investigation into FBI confession extends to Burge detectives and ex-prosecutors

With Burge in prison for lying about the torture of suspects, the federal authorities directed their investigation to the detectives who worked under Burge and the former prosecutors of Cook County. The probe's expansion shows that a scandal that threatens Chicago for decades may not be complete.

August 10, 2011
Judge says Daley can be sued in the Burge case

A federal judge decides that former mayor Richard M. Daley can be sued for alleged police brutality under Burge. The decision is important because Daley, the Cook County State Attorney in the 1980s, is named in multiple lawsuits for tortures inflicted by Burge and other detectives that led to forced confessions.

Mayor Richard M. Daley before leaving office in May 2011. (Jose M. Osorio / Chicago Tribune)

March 2, 2012
Daley denies claims in the Tillman lawsuit

Former Mayor Richard M. Daley denies allegations that he was involved in a plot involving Burge while Daley was Cook County State Lawyer. Daley's written response is filed in federal court in response to a lawsuit brought by Michael Tillman, who alleges that he was tortured by Burge detectives and falsely admitted to being raped and murdered.

July 25, 2012
City Council settles cases of torture for $ 7.2 million

The aldermen approve payments of more than $ 7 million to Michael Tillman and David Fauntleroy, who claim to have been tortured in the 1980s by detectives under Burge.

September 5, 2013
Burge Cities Reach $ 85 Million

Chicago's payments to Burge-related torture victims continue to climb while the latest payment of $ 12.3 million is approved for former co-defendants Marvin Reeves and Ronald Kitchen.

Marvin Reeves with his sister Sonya Reeves outside the Cook County Jail when he was released in July 2009 after 18 years in prison. (Abel Uribe / Chicago Tribune)

July 3, 2014
The Supreme Court of Illinois judges that Burge can keep his pension

The judges upheld the decision of a Cook County judge who allows Burge, currently in prison, to continue to receive his $ 4,000 per month pension despite being convicted in 2010 for lying about torture suspects.

October 2, 2014
Burge leaves the prison

Burge is released from a minimum security prison in North Carolina in a halfway house in the Tampa, Florida area.

February 13, 2015
Burge released from confinement at home

Burge is released from jail in Florida, ending his 4 ½ year sentence for lying under oath about the torture of suspects.

March 25, 2015
Torture case Burge not finished

An unprecedented review by a dean of the Chicago Law School gives hope to nearly 20 alleged Burge victims still in prison. Read more.

April 14, 2015
The city provides reparations for victims related to Burge

Chicago is offering a $ 5.5 million fund for dozens of torture victims linked to Burge and his detectives. Read more.

David Bates, who claims to have been tortured while in detention, is one of the men eligible for reparations. (Nancy Stone / Chicago Tribune 2006)

May 6, 2015
City grants victims of Burge reparations, excuses

City Council recognizes Burge-related torture victims before approving a $ 5.5 million repair program. Read more.

Presumed victims of torture linked to Jon Burge should be honored at the town council meeting. (Nancy Stone / Chicago Tribune)

August 12, 2015
Court of Appeal Condemns Burge Case

The Illinois court of appeal overturned a lower court and dismissed the murder conviction of Shawn Whirl, who claims that his confession was forced by torture by a detective who had worked with Burge. "There is no evidence other than his forced confessions," says one of the lawyers who represented Whirl in his appeal.

October 14, 2015
Whirl released in Burge-related case

After nearly 25 years behind bars for a murder that he says he did not commit, Shawn Whirl leaves the state prison a free man. Read more.

Shawn Whirl with his mother Erma Whirl after being released from Hill Correctional Center in Galesburg. (Daryl Wilson / for the Chicago Tribune)

Nov 18, 2015
A panel votes against sending a case related to Burge to judge

The Illinois Board of Investigation and Relief Against Torture voted against sending the case of the murderer Jerry Mahaffey to a Cook County judge to determine whether he was going to be killed. He is expected to benefit from a new trial in a double murder in 1983. Mahaffey contends that Burge's detectives tortured him until confessing it.

Jerry Mahaffey, who is serving a life sentence as part of a home invasion and a double murder in 1983, alleges he was tortured by police. (Illinois Department of Photo Corrections)

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