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The former dictator, meanwhile, remained a free man.
Francisco Soberón, director of the Peruvian Association for Human Rights, applauded the court's decision to return Fujimori to prison.
"This is a great achievement for families after 26 years of struggle for justice, which was interrupted by this terrible forgiveness," he said. "It's an encouragement for justice in Peru," he said, describing the judicial system as being in a state of crisis because of widespread corruption.
Groups of victims had previously requested the cancellation of the pardon and brought the case to the Inter-American Court of Human Rights this year. The court in turn sent the case back to the Peruvian government, asking it to check whether the pardon was legal.
Aníbal Quiroga, a professor of law at the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, said that although the president could pardon criminals, the Supreme Court had strong arguments in favor of the annulment of the pardon of Mr. Fujimori. Peru may have broken international treaties by releasing a person of Fujimori's stature who has been found guilty of human rights violations, he said.
While Peru is known for its growing economy and popular tourist sites, Fujimori's release was a bit more bitter than many people in the country would prefer to forget.
The son of Japanese immigrants, Mr. Fujimori was elected political outsider in 1990 when Shining Path, a Maoist rebel organization, defied the army and engaged in terrorist campaigns that claimed the lives of about 70,000 people. .
Affirming that Congress was not able to confront the rebels, Fujimori suspended the Constitution and pronounced himself as an autocrat. When he finally reinstated the laws and was re-elected in 1995, his government was increasingly suspected of corruption, attacks by political opponents and massacres of civilians. After resigning in 2000, he escaped to Japan.
