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Seoul, South Korea (UroToday.com) Ajay Nehra MD summarized the leading causes of death among men, including cardiovascular diseases, and the most common and deadly cancers among men. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death and morbidity in the world. In the United States, more than 30% of men suffer from cardiovascular disease, and men are responsible for more than half of cardiovascular-related deaths. By 2035, it is estimated that direct medical costs related to cardiovascular disease will more than double, to reach $ 749 billion a year. Risk factors for cardiovascular disease include smoking, alcohol, diet, physical activity, obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension and mental health (such as stress and depression). Taking preventive measures is important to mitigate risk factors.
The three most common new cancers in men are the prostate (19%), lungs and bronchi (14%), colon and rectum (9%), while in women it is breast (30%), lung and colon (13%). and colon and rectum (7%). The three most common cancers in men are the lung and bronchi (26%), the prostate (9%), the colon and the rectum (8%). In women, it is the lungs and bronchi (25%), breast (14%), colon and rectum (8%). Fortunately, age-adjusted mortality rates have declined in almost all cancers in recent years, with the possible exception of pancreatic cancer, as shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1 – Trends in age-adjusted cancer mortality rates by site in men. 1930-2015:
The three most common cancers in men were then discussed in more detail, starting with lung cancer. Overall, there is 1 in 15 chance that a man gets lung cancer during his lifetime. The American Cancer Society estimates that for lung cancer in the United States until 2018, there are about 121680 new cases in humans and about 83550 deaths from lung cancer in the US. ;man. Smoking is the number one risk factor and symptoms presented may include coughing, weight loss, dyspnea, chest pain and hemoptysis. Initial management depends largely on the stage of the disease.
Dr. Ajay Nehra then addressed prostate cancer. Prostate cancer will be diagnosed in about 1 in 9 men during their lifetime. About 6 out of 10 prostate cancer cases involve men over 65 years of age. According to the American Cancer Society, there will be 16,490 new cases of prostate cancer in 2018 and approximately 29,430 patients will die from this cancer. Early prostate cancer can occur without signs or symptoms. Advanced cases may have urinary frequency, hesitation and hematuria. Prostate cancer screening remains a controversial issue and screening tests include the PSA blood test and a digital rectal exam. The standard diagnosis requires a prostate biopsy.
Finally, colon cancer has been addressed. The overall risk of developing colorectal cancer over the course of life is about 1 in 22 (4.5% for men). Known risk factors include age greater than 50 years, a positive family history of colorectal cancer, or polyposis syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease. Common symptoms include abdominal pain, change in bowel habits, hematochezia (blood in the stool), anemia and weight loss. The US guidelines recommend routine screening for this common cancer, with a clear protocol, which includes various mandatory tests. These include stool DNA testing, sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, CT colonography and so on.
Adhering to routine screening protocols, adopting a healthy lifestyle and trying to avoid any risk factors are essential to try to reduce the rate of diagnosis of these diseases. Once diagnosed with one of these diseases established, it is essential to follow early and aggressive treatment to maximize the chances of survival.
Presented by: Ajay Nehra, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States
Prepared by: Hanan Goldberg, MD, Urology Oncology Fellow (OUA), Princess University of Toronto, Princess Margaret Cancer Center Twitter: @GoldbergHanan at 38th Society of International Urology Conference – October 4-7, 2018 – Seoul, Korea from South
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