Babies born during the pollen season are more likely to suffer from asthma, study finds



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According to one study, babies born during the grass pollen season are more likely to develop respiratory diseases such as asthma.

But they seem to be protected in the uterus if their mother is pregnant during the hay fever season.

The study, conducted in Europe and Australia, showed that babies born when grass pollen was high – from mid-May to July in the UK – had high levels of antibodies in their blood .

Known as immunoglobulin E (IgE), they are produced by the immune system to protect the body against bacteria, viruses and allergens. They are a marker used to predict the development of allergic diseases.

Associate Professor Bircan Erbas, of the faculty of psychology and public health at La Trobe University in Melbourne, said the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of pollen exposure of grasses during pregnancy and shortly after birth.

"We know that outdoor exposure to pollen during the first months after birth can lead to allergic respiratory diseases and we have suspected that exposure during the later stages of pregnancy could also be important," he said. she said.

"Many studies have shown that babies with high levels of IgE in the cord blood can develop allergies later in childhood, but little is known about how these levels are affected by exposure to pollen in utero. "

The study assessed outdoor levels of grass pollen during the intrauterine period and at birth during peak pollen season on cord blood IgE in three birth cohorts from Australia, Germany and Denmark.

The international team analysed cord blood collected from 2,597 babies in the three countries.

They discovered those born during the peak grass pollen season in both hemispheres had high immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels in umbilical cord blood – a marker used to predict the development of allergic diseases.

High IgE levels were found among babies born in October and December in Melbourne while levels were highest for German and Danish babies born around April – the peak pollen season in Europe.

However, they also found that pregnancy throughout the grass pollen season can have a protective effect on babies.

Professor Erbas said: ”We found these babies had lower IgE levels.

“This was a significant finding and indicates the possible development of a sensitisation barrier.

”However, more research needs to be done and currently we are working on studies to identify the specific risk time periods of pollen exposure during pregnancy on asthma and allergies in children.“

Professor Erbas stressed the study did not suggest that all babies born during high pollen seasons would develop respiratory disease or other allergies.

She added: ”The study provides new insight that could help us predict and manage diseases like asthma – which are a significant public health burden.

“However, it's important to remember there are a number of factors that can determine who gets asthma or allergies. This is one piece of the puzzle.”

“As IgE responses develop during the first months of life, our study findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of grass pollen exposure at birth and shortly after on possible allergic respiratory diseases.”

In the UK the hay fever season is from March to September. From late March to mid-May tree pollen is high, from mid-May to July grass pollen is high and from the end of June till September weed pollen is high.

The study was published in the journal International environment.

SWNS

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