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Posted on 26 Sep. 2018
"The fluctuations measured by the Planck satellite are like a precise arrow from the beginning of the Universe, and we measured where the arrow landed with Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam," said Surhud More, Interuniversity Center for Astronomy and Astronomy. astrophysics.
Einstein's theory of general relativity helped an international team of researchers measure the size of dark matter in our universe by analyzing images of 10 million distant galaxies and better understanding dark energy.
Dark matter is responsible for the formation of galaxies in the universe, while dark energy is responsible for accelerating the extension of the Universe. Together dark matter and dark energy make up 95% of our Universe, but the reason why this number is so big is a mystery. To explain the behavior and destiny of the Universe, scientists must discover what dark matter and dark energy are.
Studies to measure the amount of cosmic structure have been done in the past, especially when the universe was very young, such as the Planck satellite of the European Space Agency. Dark energy can affect the rate of growth of these structures later, closer to us. Scientists are just beginning to measure the growth of these structures by studying dark matter in the posterior Universe and using it to learn about dark energy.
The Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey, which uses the 820-megapixel Hyper Suprime-Cam camera attached to the 8.2-meter Subaru telescope atop Maunakea, has allowed researchers to study billions of light-years away. . These galaxies existed billions of years ago, but their light did not reach Earth until today.
Albert Einstein predicted the gravitational lens in his theory of general relativity, where gravity can bend the path of light, so that distant galaxies appear deformed by observers on Earth.
Since 2014, researchers from Japan, Taiwan and the United States, led by Chiaki Hikage, project assistant of the Kavli Institute for Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU), have studied these tiny distortions caused by the lenses the universe. Now, the team can see how dark matter fluctuations across the sky have changed over the billions of years and how dark energy has influenced this growth of the structure.
The image above, Left Panel: The three-dimensional map of the dark matter of the universe derived from one of the six HSC observation areas is shown in the back plan with different shades of blue (lighter areas have more dark matter). The map has been deduced from the galactic shape distortions in the HSC data which are indicated by white bars. The lengths of sticks represent the amount of distortion and the angle of the neck corresponds to the direction of the distortion. Right panel: The measurements are activated by the light of distant galaxies that cross the universe and are deflected by matter at different times in the universe, before reaching the Subaru telescope.
(HSC / UTokyo Project)
"I had a long-time hope of undertaking high-precision research in cosmology, such as that conducted by WMAP and Planck. I am very happy to share measurements of the growth of dark matter structures in the universe with great accuracy using Subaru HSC data, "said Hikage.
However, Hikage and his team knew that their enthusiasm could potentially skew their results, especially as they sought to confirm the results of previous studies during their analysis. To make sure the results were healthy, they performed a blind analysis, a technique well known in medical trials where no one knows which patients have received new treatment. Two fake data catalogs were created and the true identity of each catalog was locked in a box.
After an unveiling event on June 26, the researchers found for the first time that their analysis revealed that the Hyper Suprime-Cam study was consistent with past gravitational lens studies, but that their results suggested that the cosmic structures that that predicted by the Planck satellite in the cosmological model of concordance.
This could be a statistical fluctuation due to a small set of data, or could indicate a break in the standard model of the universe.
Fortunately, the team has more data to analyze in the future. This result only uses 11% of the full survey because Hyper Suprime-Cam still takes pictures and should end around 2020.
"This is only a first step, and the complete data from the Hyper Suprime-Cam investigation promise to advance our understanding of dark matter and dark energy," he said. said Kavli IPMU principal investigator and paper author Masahiro Takada.
The team has uploaded its document detailing these results to the pre-press server (https://arxiv.org) on September 26th, and will submit its findings to the publication of the Japan Astronomical Society (PASJ) for the purpose. peer review.
Image at the top of the hot, hot and cold black matter page. University of Zurich
The daily galaxy via the Kavli Institute for Physics and Mathematics of the Universe
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