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The Declaration of Independence
WHEN, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political gangs that linked them to another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separated and equal Respect for the Laws of Nature and the God of Nature, a decent respect for the opinions of humanity requires that they declare the causes that push them to separation.
We take these truths for granted, all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights, among which are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. For these rights to be guaranteed, governments are instituted among men, holding their just powers of the consent of the governed, that whenever a form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to change or abolish, and to institute a new government, to base itself on such principles and to organize its powers in a form which seems to them most likely to affect their safety and happiness.
Prudence will dictate that long-established governments should not be changed as light and transient causes; and consequently all experience has shown that men are more willing to suffer, while evils are suffering, than to recover by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long series of abuses and usurpations, invariably pursuing the same object, testifies to a plan to reduce them under absolute despotism, it is their right, c & # 39; is their duty, to get rid of such a government and provide new guards for their future. security
Such was the patient suffering of these colonies; and such is now the necessity that compels them to modify their old systems of government. The history of the current King of Britain is a story of repeated injuries and usurpations, all aimed directly at the establishment of an absolute tyranny over these states. To prove it, let the facts be submitted to a candid world.
He refused his assent to the laws, the most salutary and necessary for the public good.
He prohibited his governors from passing laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation until obtaining his assent; and when he is so suspended, he has completely neglected to take care of them.
He refused to enact any other laws for the accommodation of large districts of the people, unless these people waive the right of representation in the legislature, an invaluable right for
He has assembled legislative bodies in unusual, uncomfortable places far from the filing of their public documents, with the sole purpose of making them weary of complying with his measures.
repeatedly dissuaded the representative houses from virulently opposing his invasions of the rights of the people.
He refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, to elect others; by which the Legislative Powers, incapable of Annihilation, have returned to the people in general for their exercise; the state remaining in the meanwhile exposed to all the dangers of the invasion from the outside and convulsions to the interior.
He endeavored to prevent the population of these states from obstructing the naturalization laws of foreigners, refusing to pass the others He hindered the administration of justice by refusing its assent to the laws to establish judicial powers.
He made judges depend on his will alone
He erected a multitude of new offices, and sent here swarms of officers to harass our people and eat their stuff.
has kept among us, in peacetime, standing armies without the consent of our legislature.
He assigned to make the army independent and superior to the civil power.
He combined with others to submit to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and not recognized by our laws; giving his assent to their acts of purported legislation:
For the cantonment of large corps of armed troops among us:
To protect them, by a sham trial, from punishment for the murders that they should to commit on the Inhabitants of these States:
To cut our trade with all parts of the world:
To impose taxes on us without our consent:
To deprive us in many cases of the benefits of the trial by jury:
To bring us beyond the seas to be judged for alleged offenses:
To abolish the free system of English laws in a neighboring province, establish there an arbitrary government and widen its limits to make both an example and an appropriate instrument introducing the same absolute rule in these colonies:
To remove our charters, abolish our most valuable laws, and fundamentally change the forms of our governments:
To suspend our own legislature, and declare He has invested the power to legislate for us in all cases.
He abdicated the government here, declaring us out of his protection and waging war against us.
He plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burned our
He is now carrying great armies of foreign mercenaries to complete the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun by circumstances cruelty and perfidy scarcely equaled in the most barbarous ages. and totally unworthy the leader of a civilized nation.
He compelled our fellow-citizens taken captive on the high seas to carry arms against their country, to become the executioners of their friends and brothers, or to fall themselves by their hands
He excited domestic insurrections among us, and has been striving to draw on the inhabitants of our borders, the ruthless Indian Indians, whose known rule of war, is a d
At every stage of these oppressions, we have asked for compensation in the most humble terms: our repeated petitions have been answered only by repeated injuries. A prince, whose character is so marked by any act that may define a tyrant, is unfit to be the leader of a free people.
Neither have we missed attention to our British brethren. We have warned them from time to time of attempts by their legislature to extend unjustifiable jurisdiction over us. We reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. We appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we conjured them by the bonds of our common kinship to disavow these usurpations which would inevitably interrupt our relations and our correspondence. They too were deaf to the voice of justice and consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity that denounces our separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of humanity, Enemies in the war, in the Friends of Peace.
We, therefore, Representatives of the United States of America, at the assembled General Congress, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the name and by authority of the good people of these colonies, publish and solemnly declare that these colonies are and The right should be free and independent states; that they are absolved of all allegiance to the British crown, and that any political connection between them and the State of Great Britain is and must be entirely dissolved; and that as Free and Independent States, they have the power to lift the War, to conclude Peace, to make Alliances, to establish Commerce, and to make all other Laws and Things that the Independent States can do. And for the support of this Declaration, with firm confidence in the protection of Divine Providence, we commit each other to our lives, our fortunes and our sacred honor.
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