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The new Nutri-Score system with five-level nutritional coding, which calculates food quality using the same method as the British standard, is unique; unlike the British system, Nutri-Score uses both colors (from dark green to dark orange) and qualities (from A for "highest nutritional quality" to E for "lowest nutritional quality") so that consumers can understand the quality of the food. a food at a glance.
As simple as it may be, the Nutri-Score system does not have adopted by the European Union or from other countries, according to Melanie Deschasaux and Mathilde Touvier, authors of a new study on the system and members of the research team in nutritional epidemiology of the Center for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics of the Sorbonne Paris Cité University.
"The Nutri-Score has received official support from health authorities in France and more recently in Belgium, but its application can not be mandatory because of the labeling rules of the European Union," explained Deschasaux and Touvier in an email. However, 33 food manufacturers and companies, including Danone, Fleury Michon and McCain, have begun voluntarily adopting the system.
According to the authors, this process of review and debate of the EU should occur later in the year, with the adoption and implementation of a system of 39, standard nutrition labeling for all EU countries. "Similar discussions are also underway in North and South America, Canada and Australia.
The researchers examined diets of 471,495 adults from 10 European countries through the Nutri-Score lens. They used the British Nutrient Profiling System to calculate a Nutri-Score for the usual diet – the self-reported foods and drinks commonly consumed – from each participant.
A total score reflecting a diet of lower nutritional quality was associated with a higher risk of total cancer: the cancer rates among those with the highest scores were 81.4 cases per 10,000 person-years (separately, at men: 115.9). , 66.6), as against 69.5 cases per 10 000 person-years (89.6 for men and 61.1 for women) among those with the lowest scores of junk food. (Person-years are an estimate of time for all study participants, which allows researchers to measure the risk of cancer, regardless of how long a person has stayed in the study due to death or other factors.)
People who ate the most junk food had an increased risk of colorectal airways (lips, mouth, tongue, nose, throat, vocal cords and part of the esophagus and trachea) and cancers of the body. stomach. Separately, men had a higher risk of lung cancer and women had a higher risk of breast and post-menopausal cancer.
Since people who eat junk food may be overweight or exercise poorly, and both are cancer related, could the results of the study be due to other factors and no to diet alone?
"These analyzes were adjusted for other individual characteristics that could confuse the nutrition-cancer association, such as physical activity and BMI, as well as education, smoking, alcohol, or history. cancer, "writes Deschasaux CNN. The adjusted result allowed the researchers to conclude that "an inherent nutritional quality lower than the food consumed was associated with a higher risk of developing cancer".
"Overall, it adds support for the relevance of use [the British nutritional system] As the underlying nutritional profiling system for Nutri-Score Nutri-Score, "Deschasaux and Touvier wrote.
"Protective" effects of a good diet
"Each of these recommendations has proven to have a beneficial protective effect," Mackenzie said. "It's not one who will provide the benefit but many of them" as a whole.
Mackenzie added that more research is needed to understand precisely how high body mass, low physical activity, and excessive consumption of alcohol can thwart good nutrition.
Deschasaux and Touvier concluded: "The association between nutrition and cancer (as well as other chronic diseases) is not new". Although there are other risk factors, nutrition is among the most important because it "can be modified at the individual level and targeted by public health policies".
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