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The total fertility rate – or the average number of children in the world will have risen to more than one year – from 4.7 live births in 1950 to 2.4 in 2017.
Meanwhile, the total population has nearly tripled since 1950, from 2.6 billion people to 7.6 billion, the report says. An average of nearly 84 million people has been added to the Earth's population every year since 1985.
Other factors have been shown to predict fertility rates, including better infant survival rates and later marriage.
"Said Kiarie, who is not an author on the new report.
While total fertility rates fell among all the countries, they were split roughly, said Murray. "Replacement" describes the total fertility rate, "which comes out to 2.05 live births, the authors say.
For example, a woman in Cyprus had a child on average in 2017, while a woman in Niger had 7.1. This range is lower than 1950's, in which total fertility rates ranged from 1.7 live births in Andorra to 8.9 in Jordan.
"The world is really divided into two groups," Murray said. "In a generation, the issue is not going to be about population growth."
In countries that want to boost fertility rates, the creation of financial incentives for families, including parental leave, has been shown to have a small effect, Murray said. Only 33 countries, mostly in Europe, were falling in population between 2010 and 2017, according to the report.
"The country that is probably most concerned about China, where the number of workers is now starting to decline, and that has an immediate effect on economic growth potential," Murray said. "In a place like India – that is still above replacement to a fertility replacement – that's just such a dramatic change."
In just the past several years, Kiarie said, shares of Africa and Asia have reduced fertility rates. The countries that have seen the sharpest declines are those that had previously been introduced into the world of contraception, he added.
"There's been rapid progress, but I think in terms of the areas that have the biggest unmet need for family planning, it's still largely in Africa," he said.
Lifespans also grew on average since 1950, climbing from 48.1 to 70.5 years for men and from 52.9 to 75.6 years for women, according to the study. However, the study authors say that they are living in better health.
When it comes to fertility rates, Kiarie said, "The goals are about the ability for children, they want," with whomever they choose. "What is key to being able to be, in the women's hands."
Kiarie said, is the focus on individual people, their desires and how countries can empower them to achieve those goals.
"How can we make sure people do what they think is right for themselves?" he asked.
CNN's Yemisi Adegoke contributed to this report.
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