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As a first step, US scientists have used stem cells in the laboratory to cultivate the human esophagus, known as the "alimentary tube", which will allow a personalized diagnosis of diseases and regenerative therapies.
A team from the Cincinnati Children's Hospital in Ohio has been able to produce fully formed human oesophageal organoids – a tiny version of a three-dimensional in vitro organ – using pluripotent stem cells ( SGP).
CSPs are master cells that can potentially produce any cell or tissue that the body needs to repair itself.
The esophageal organelles reached about 300 to 800 micrometers in about two months.
"The disorders of the esophagus and trachea are fairly common in people whose organoids models of the human esophagus could be very beneficial," said principal investigator Jim Wells of the 39; hospital.
"In addition to being a new model for studying congenital anomalies such as oesophageal atresia, organelles can be used to study diseases such as oesosinophilic esophagitis and Barrett metaplasia.
In the study, published in the journal Cell Stem Cell, the team focused on the Sox2 gene and its associated protein – known to trigger oesophageal conditions when their function is disrupted.
Scientists used mouse cultures, frogs and human tissue to identify other genes and molecular pathways regulated by Sox2 during esophagus formation.
During critical stages of embryonic development, the Sox2 gene blocks the programming and action of the genetic pathways that direct cells to become respiratory instead of the esophagus.
The Sox2 protein inhibits the signaling of a molecule called Wnt and promotes the formation and survival of oesophageal tissues.
Conversely, the absence of Sox2 during the developmental process in mice can result in oesophageal agenesis – a condition in which the esophagus ends in a pocket and does not connect to the stomach.
These tests showed that the composition of transgenic tissues and biopsies was surprisingly similar, the team said.
Scientists at Cincinnati Children have already used PSCs to bioengineer the human gut, the stomach, the colon and the liver.
–IANS
rt / mag / sed
(This article has not been modified by Business Standard staff and is generated automatically from a syndicated feed).
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