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Even at our location, there is a great lesson to be learned: the galactic plane obscures the Universe beyond, about 10 degrees above and below, in visible light, as shown here. If you want to see what lies beyond our galaxy – or any other dusty galaxy – look in the infrared and watch the Universe open to you.ESO / B.Tafreshi
From their first discovery, the great spirals of the universe have intrigued astronomers.
This ultraviolet composite image of the Andromeda galaxy, taken by the GALEX probe, shows the youngest and bluest stars that retrace the spiral arms and the galactic bulge. Andromeda was the first spiral nebula to be identified as a galaxy beyond ours. Note the extended nature of the arms, indicating that new waves of star formation may be triggered by slight tidal disturbances.NASA / JPL-Caltech / GALEX
While stars, star clusters and other nebulae were concentrated in the plane of our Milky Way, no spiral nebula was present.
The central region of the Milky Way in visible light, with the location of the galactic center marked by E. Siegel. There are billions of stars, and Pan-STARRS has collected data on as many of them as ever before. Near the plane of the galaxy, however, there are no spiral nebulae to find. At least not in visible light.Jaime Fernández
For some reason, they avoided the plane of our galaxy, which became known as the avoidance area.
A map of the density of stars in the Milky Way and the surrounding sky, clearly showing the Milky Way, the big and small magellanic clouds (our two largest satellite galaxies) and, if you take a closer look, NGC 104 to the left of the SMC, NGC 6205 slightly above and to the left of the galactic core, and NGC 7078 slightly below. There are many galaxies to discover, but at about 10 degrees above and below the galactic plane, visible light can not reveal them.ESA / GAIA
In discovering that spiral nebulae were galaxies beyond ours, the problem made more sense.
A small selection of the galaxy seen by Pan-STARRS, where the dust is very dense, but the grains themselves hardly differ from those elsewhere. This survey provides the most comprehensive 3D data ever taken.Danny Farrow, Pan-STARRS1 Scientific Consortium and Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
Dust, gases and concentrated materials block the light from more distant objects, obscuring them.
Visible (left) and infrared (right) views of the dust-rich Bok globule, Barnard 68. The infrared light is not blocked as much, the smaller size dust grains are too few to interact with long wave light. At longer wavelengths, it is possible to reveal a greater part of the universe beyond light blocking dust.ESO
The dust itself is composed of grains of matter of specific sizes, preferentially blocking photons of shorter wavelength.
Dark regions have very dense dust clouds. Red stars tend to be reddened by dust, while blue stars are in front of clouds of dust. These images are part of a study of the plan of the southern galaxy.Legacy / NOAO Survey, AURA, NSF
Even modern 3D dust maps show it well. the size of the dust grains is independent of its location in the galaxy.
As a result, infrared telescopes can see through the dust, revealing the material behind it.
The view of the galactic center in four bands of different wavelengths. At the top, the ATLASGAL survey at 870 microns; below, Spitzer in the middle of the IR; below that, from ESO VISTA located in the near infrared, and down to visible light, where the dust masks all that is interesting.ESO / ATLASGAL consortium / NASA / GLIMPSE consortium / VVV / ESA survey / Planck / D. Minniti / S. Guisard Acknowledgments: Ignacio Toledo, Martin Kornmesser
Not only can we reveal the structure of our own galaxy from within, but we have finally found galaxies behind it.
The promising works of the Italian astronomer Paolo Maffei on infrared astronomy have resulted in the discovery of galaxies – like Maffei 1 and 2, presented here – in the plane of the Milky Way itself. Maffei 1, the giant elliptical galaxy at the bottom left, is the giant elliptical closest to the Milky Way, but was not discovered until 1967.WISE mission; NASA / JPL-Caltech / UCLA
The first galaxies found in the avoidance zone call Maffei 1 and 2, in tribute to Paolo Maffei, pioneer of infrared astronomy.
What we call the "avoidance zone" is not, as we currently present, a neighboring region with very few galaxies. Although we have seen very few galaxies, it is actually a region with as many galaxies as the rest of the Universe, it's hard to see from our point of view!Micro Flows Project / University of Hawaii
Galaxies are just as rich in the avoidance area as anywhere else.
Many galaxies, especially the youngest and most dusty, emit most of their energy in the infrared part of the spectrum. If we want to find the brightest galaxies of all, we need a new generation infrared space telescope. The Fireworks galaxy, from NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope, is a local example of a predominantly infrared galaxy. Such galaxies can be revealed in the infrared through infrared observatories such as Spitzer and WISE.NASA / JPL-Caltech / SSC / R. Kennicutt et al.
Through viewing the universe with infrared eyes, the mystery is now solved.
Although the vast majority of infrared emissions come from the Milky Way plan itself, where stars, gas and dust are primarily found, many galaxies can be seen beyond. When you look in the right wavelengths of light, the distribution of galaxies appears randomly. the Avoidance Zone is an artifact consisting of looking into visible wavelengths. where to block the light is very effective.NASA / JPL-Caltech / UCLA, for the WISE mission
Mostly Mute Monday tells the scientific story of a phenomenon, object or astronomical problem in pictures, in pictures and in 200 words maximum. Speak less; mouse more.
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Even at our location, there is a great lesson to be learned: the galactic plane obscures the Universe beyond, about 10 degrees above and below, in visible light, as shown here. If you want to see what lies beyond our galaxy – or any other dusty galaxy – look in the infrared and watch the Universe open to you.ESO / B.Tafreshi
From their first discovery, the great spirals of the universe have intrigued astronomers.
This ultraviolet composite image of the Andromeda galaxy, taken by the GALEX probe, shows the youngest and bluest stars that retrace the spiral arms and the galactic bulge. Andromeda was the first spiral nebula to be identified as a galaxy beyond ours. Note the extended nature of the arms, indicating that new waves of star formation may be triggered by slight tidal disturbances.NASA / JPL-Caltech / GALEX
While stars, star clusters and other nebulae were concentrated in the plane of our Milky Way, no spiral nebula was present.
The central region of the Milky Way in visible light, with the location of the galactic center marked by E. Siegel. There are billions of stars, and Pan-STARRS has collected data on as many of them as ever before. Near the plane of the galaxy, however, there are no spiral nebulae to find. At least not in visible light.Jaime Fernández
For some reason, they avoided the plane of our galaxy, which became known as the avoidance area.
A map of the density of stars in the Milky Way and the surrounding sky, clearly showing the Milky Way, the big and small magellanic clouds (our two largest satellite galaxies) and, if you take a closer look, NGC 104 to the left of the SMC, NGC 6205 slightly above and to the left of the galactic core, and NGC 7078 slightly below. There are many galaxies to discover, but at about 10 degrees above and below the galactic plane, visible light can not reveal them.ESA / GAIA
In discovering that spiral nebulae were galaxies beyond ours, the problem made more sense.
A small selection of the galaxy seen by Pan-STARRS, where the dust is very dense, but the grains themselves hardly differ from those elsewhere. This survey provides the most comprehensive 3D data ever taken.Danny Farrow, Pan-STARRS1 Scientific Consortium and Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
Dust, gases and concentrated materials block the light from more distant objects, obscuring them.
Visible (left) and infrared (right) views of the dust-rich Bok globule, Barnard 68. The infrared light is not blocked as much, the smaller size dust grains are too few to interact with long wave light. At longer wavelengths, it is possible to reveal a greater part of the universe beyond light blocking dust.ESO
The dust itself is composed of grains of matter of specific sizes, preferentially blocking photons of shorter wavelength.
Dark regions have very dense dust clouds. Red stars tend to be reddened by dust, while blue stars are in front of clouds of dust. These images are part of a study of the plan of the southern galaxy.Legacy / NOAO Survey, AURA, NSF
Even modern 3D dust maps show it well. the size of the dust grains is independent of its location in the galaxy.
As a result, infrared telescopes can see through the dust, revealing the material behind it.
The view of the galactic center in four bands of different wavelengths. At the top, the ATLASGAL survey at 870 microns; below, Spitzer in the middle of the IR; below that, from ESO VISTA located in the near infrared, and down to visible light, where the dust masks all that is interesting.ESO / ATLASGAL consortium / NASA / GLIMPSE consortium / VVV / ESA survey / Planck / D. Minniti / S. Guisard Acknowledgments: Ignacio Toledo, Martin Kornmesser
Not only can we reveal the structure of our own galaxy from within, but we have finally found galaxies behind it.
The promising works of the Italian astronomer Paolo Maffei on infrared astronomy have resulted in the discovery of galaxies – like Maffei 1 and 2, presented here – in the plane of the Milky Way itself. Maffei 1, the giant elliptical galaxy at the bottom left, is the giant elliptical closest to the Milky Way, but was not discovered until 1967.WISE mission; NASA / JPL-Caltech / UCLA
The first galaxies found in the avoidance zone call Maffei 1 and 2, in tribute to Paolo Maffei, pioneer of infrared astronomy.
What we call the "avoidance zone" is not, as we currently present, a neighboring region with very few galaxies. Although we have seen very few galaxies, it is actually a region with as many galaxies as the rest of the Universe, it's hard to see from our point of view!Micro Flows Project / University of Hawaii
Galaxies are just as rich in the avoidance area as anywhere else.
Many galaxies, especially the youngest and most dusty, emit most of their energy in the infrared part of the spectrum. If we want to find the brightest galaxies of all, we need a new generation infrared space telescope. The Fireworks galaxy, from NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope, is a local example of a predominantly infrared galaxy. Such galaxies can be revealed in the infrared through infrared observatories such as Spitzer and WISE.NASA / JPL-Caltech / SSC / R. Kennicutt et al.
Through viewing the universe with infrared eyes, the mystery is now solved.
Although the vast majority of infrared emissions come from the Milky Way plan itself, where stars, gas and dust are primarily found, many galaxies can be seen beyond. When you look in the right wavelengths of light, the distribution of galaxies appears randomly. the Avoidance Zone is an artifact consisting of looking into visible wavelengths. where to block the light is very effective.NASA / JPL-Caltech / UCLA, for the WISE mission
Mostly Mute Monday tells the scientific story of a phenomenon, object or astronomical problem in pictures, in pictures and in 200 words maximum. Speak less; mouse more.
