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More than two servings of dairy products per day were associated with lower risk of CVD and death, according to new data published in The Lancet.
Of the 136,384 participants in the PURE study, those who consumed more than two servings of dairy products per day, compared to non-consumers, had lower risk for the composite of major CV events or deaths (HR = 0, 84, 95% CI, 0.75-0.94). total mortality (HR = 0.83, 95% CI, 0.72-0.96), non-CV mortality (HR = 0.86, 95% CI, 0.72-1.02), CV mortality (HR = 0.77, 95% CI, 0.58-1.01), major CVD (HR = 0.78, 95% CI, 0.67-0.9) and cerebrovascular accident (HR = 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53-0.82).
However, the data did not indicate a significant relationship between dairy product consumption and the risk of myocardial infarction (HR = 0.89, 95% CI, 0.71-1.11).
In addition, the associations between a higher daily consumption of dairy products and these results were more pronounced among those who consumed only whole dairy products. Compared with less than 0.5 servings of milk per day, people who consumed more than two servings a day had a lower risk for the composite outcome (HR = 0.71, 95% CI, 0.6-0, 83), total mortality (HR = 0.75, 95% CI, 0.6-0.92) and major CVD (HR = 0.68, 95% CI, 0.56-0.84).
Differences with
dairy products
The researchers also analyzed the consumption of specific dairy products – milk, yoghurt and cheese – to determine whether consuming more than one serving of milk per day, compared to none, was associated with a lower risk for the composite outcome. (HR = 0.9, 95% CI, 0.82-0.99) and major CVD (HR = 0.82, 95% CI, 0.72-0.93). Similarly, more than one serving of yogurt per day was associated with lower risk for composite outcome (HR = 0.86, 95%, CI, 0.75-0.99), total mortality (HR = 0.83, 95% CI, 0.69-0.99) CVD (HR = 0.9, 95% CI, 0.75-1.07). Although the risks for composite outcome, total mortality, and major cardiovascular disease were also lower with higher daily cheese consumption, the associations were not significant, according to the researchers.
Conversely, higher consumption of butter, compared to none, was associated with a higher risk for the composite score (HR = 1.09, 95% CI: 0.9-1.33) and major CVD (HR = 1.19, 95% CI 0.92-1.53), but relationships were not significant.
No difference appeared after adjustment for alcohol consumption and number of cigarettes per day.
Regional variation
The PURE study included data on 136,384 people aged 35 to 70 from 21 countries on five continents. The researchers used country-validated questionnaires on food frequency to evaluate the dietary intake of dairy products. A standard portion of dairy was equivalent to a glass of milk (244 g), a cup of yogurt (244 g), a slice of cheese (15 g) or a teaspoon of butter (5 g).
In all regions, with more than four daily servings, total consumption of dairy products was highest in North America and Europe and less than one serving per day in South Asia, China, Africa and Asia. South East.
Results showing an association between total milk product consumption and adverse events were consistent across all regions, although higher dairy consumption was associated with lower risk for composite outcome with greater protective effectP for trend = 0.01).
"Another piece of evidence"
The researchers recognized the inherent limitations of the study, including the self-declaration of plans and the measurement at the outset. However, they noted that consumption of dairy products may be beneficial, in contrast to dietary recommendations that recommend reduced consumption of whole dairy products.
"Our results confirm that dairy product consumption could be beneficial for mortality and CVD, especially in low- and middle-income countries where milk product consumption is much lower than in North America." or in Europe » Myhstake Dehghan, PhD, A researcher from the nutritional epidemiology program at the Institute for Population Health Research at McMaster University in Canada said in a press release.
Dehghan and his colleagues also noted that more research on why dairy products may be associated with lower levels of CVD is needed.
Commenting on the results of the new study, Jimmy Chun Yu Louie, BSc, MNutrDiet, PhD, APD, AN, of the Faculty of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Hong Kong, and Anna M. Rangan, PhRE, from the School of Life Sciences and the Environment and the Charles Perkins Center of the Faculty of Science of the University of Sydney, insisted on caution in interpreting the results .
"The results of the PURE study suggest that the consumption of dairy products, particularly whole fat dairy products, may be beneficial in preventing deaths and major cardiovascular diseases. However, as the authors themselves conclude, the results suggest that "dairy consumption should not be discouraged and perhaps even encouraged in low- and middle-income countries", do they written. "This is not the ultimate seal of approval for recommending whole dairy products rather than their low fat or skim counterparts. Readers should be cautious and consider this study as one more (certainly important) element of the literature. "- by Melissa Foster
Disclosures: The authors do not report any relevant financial information. Louie reports that he is receiving funding for Dairy Australia projects and has been sponsored to present the results of the projects at an Australian National Conference. Rangan reports that she receives funding for Dairy Australia projects and Meat and Livestock Australia funding for non-dairy projects.
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