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IIt is thought that two out of three smokers want to give up their deadly habit, and with good reason – it is thought that the same proportion of them die prematurely because of smoking. Around the world, this habit kills more than 6 million people a year.
Still, it is notoriously difficult to stop smoking. Smoking tobacco is a habit of addiction that the Royal College of Physicians of the United Kingdom has compared to heroin addiction and cocaine.
But that does not mean we can not do anything. Evidence suggests that increasing tobacco taxes is the most effective way to reduce tobacco use. These taxes, recommended by the World Health Organization and the World Bank, increase the price of tobacco products in stores, reducing their price – a situation that encourages smokers to quit and discourages others from starting.
Taxation is particularly important because low-income smokers are less likely to respond to many other anti-smoking campaigns and regulations designed to encourage quitting. Yet these smokers, including many young people, are the most sensitive to rising prices.
If addiction alone is not enough, another challenge is that tobacco companies simply do not want smokers to stop smoking. They do not want to lose their customers and the substantial profits they provide.
It is therefore not surprising that the tobacco industry has a well-established reputation for lowering regulations to control the use and sale of tobacco in the interest of public health. For example, the largest tobacco companies continued to sell cigarettes to children around the world, although they claimed not to, and often in places where advertising is prohibited. In the UK, where tobacco advertising is banned, Philip Morris International has effectively circumvented the ban by launching its recently launched 'Stop Smoking' campaign, which continues to promote its tobacco products.
Pay a heavy price
Many of these tactics are obvious, but some are more difficult to detect. Our latest research reveals another: the tobacco industry's pricing tactic in the UK minimizes the expected public health impact of tobacco tax increases.
Tobacco companies offer a cheaper range of products to help people stay smokers (and encourage new consumers to start) while offering a range of more expensive brands to really help those who can not or will not quit smoking .
When tobacco taxes are increased, they play with their prices to mitigate the effects of tax increases on smoking. They absorb tax increases, especially on the cheapest brands, by delaying and stopping planned price increases. In this way, price increases are gradually applied to their brand portfolio to prevent smokers from facing a sudden rise in prices causing cessation when the government raises taxes.
1/40 Breeding with Neanderthals helped man to fight diseases
Leaving Africa about 70,000 years ago, humans came up against Neanderthals from Eurasia. While humans were weak in the face of new land diseases, breeding with Neanderthals allowed a better equipped immune system
Pennsylvania
2/40 According to a study, daily aspirin is not necessary for healthy elderly people
A study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that many seniors took aspirin daily without much success
Getty
3/40 Cancer study could lead to cancer, says US study
A study at the Masonic Cancer Center of the University of Minnesota found that formaldehyde, acrolein and methylglyoxal, carcinogens, are present in the saliva of electronic cigarette consumers.
Reuters
4/40 More children are obese and diabetic
There has been a 41% increase in the number of children with type 2 diabetes since 2014, the National Diabetes Audit found in children. Obesity is a major cause
Reuters
5/40 Most children's antidepressants are ineffective and can lead to suicidal thoughts.
The majority of antidepressants are ineffective and may pose a risk to the safety of children and adolescents with major depression, experts warned. To date, in the most comprehensive comparison of the 14 commonly prescribed antidepressants, researchers have found that a single brand is more effective at relieving the symptoms of depression than a placebo. Another popular drug, venlafaxine, has been shown to increase risk users engaging in suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts.
Getty
6/40 According to a study, gay, lesbian and bisexual adults are at greater risk of suffering from heart disease
Researchers at the South Florida Baptist Clinic in Miami focused on seven areas of controllable heart health and found that these minority groups were particularly likely to smoke and have poorly controlled blood sugar levels.
iStock
7/40 Breakfast cereals for children contain "consistently high" sugar levels since 1992 despite claims by the producer
A major pressure group recently issued a new warning about extremely high sugar levels in breakfast cereals, especially those for children, and said levels had barely been reduced in the last two decades and half.
Getty
8/40 Potholes make us fat, warn the NHS watchdog
New directive from the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE), the body that determines the treatment that the NHS should fund, said lax road repairs and dominated streets by cars were contributing to the epidemic of obesity by preventing members of the public from staying active
Pennsylvania
9/40 New menopause medications offer women relief from "debilitating" hot flashes
An essay revealed that a new class of treatments for postmenopausal women is able to reduce the number of debilitating hot flashes by at least three quarters in a few days.
The drug used in the trial belongs to a group known as NKB antagonists (blockers), which have been developed to treat schizophrenia but which have been "unused on a shelf", according to the Professor Waljit Dhillo, professor of endocrinology and metabolism.
REX
10/40 Physicians should prescribe more antidepressants for people with mental health problems, study finds
Research by the University of Oxford has revealed that over one million additional people with mental health problems would benefit from being prescribed drugs, and criticized the "ideological" reasons relied on by doctors for not doing so.
Getty
11/40 A student dies of the flu after the NHS advised him to stay home and avoid emergencies
The family of a teenager who died of the flu urged people not to delay the move to emergencies if they were worried about their symptoms. Melissa Whiteley, an 18-year-old engineering student from Hanford in Stoke-on-Trent, fell ill at Christmas and died at the hospital a month later.
Just give
12/40 The government will examine thousands of implants harmful to the vagina
The government is committed to examining tens of thousands of cases in which women have received implants harmful to the vagina.
Getty
13/40 Jeremy Hunt announces "zero suicide ambition" for the NHS
The NHS will be invited to go further in preventing the deaths of patients entrusted to it as part of the "Zero Suicide Ambition" launched today.
Getty
14/40 Human trials start with a cancer treatment that causes the immune system to kill tumors
The human trials began with a new anti-cancer therapy capable of causing the immune system to eradicate the tumors. The treatment, which works like a vaccine, is a combination of two existing drugs, of which very small amounts are injected into the solid mass of a tumor.
Wikimedia Commons / Nephron
15/40 Major study reveals that baby's health suffers from being born near fracking sites
Mothers living within one kilometer of a fracturing site were 25% more likely to have a child born with low birth weight, which increases their risk of asthma , ADHD and other problems.
Getty
16/40 NHS examines thousands of cervical cancer smears after women are misdirected
Thousands of cervical cancer screening results are under study after laboratory failures have been found to be harmful to some women. A number of women have already been asked to contact their doctor as a result of identifying "procedural issues" in the service provided by Pathology First Laboratory.
REX
17/40 Scientists have discovered a key to stopping the spread of breast cancer
Most breast cancer patients do not die from their initial tumor, but from secondary malignancies (metastases), where cancer cells can enter the bloodstream and survive to invade new sites. Asparagine, a molecule named after asparagus, where it was first identified in large quantities, has been shown to be an essential ingredient for tumor cells to acquire these migratory properties.
Getty
18/40 NHS nursing vacancies hit record high with more than 34,000 advertised positions
The NHS is currently announcing a record number of nursing and midwifery positions, with more than 34,000 positions currently vacant, according to the latest data. The demand for nurses was 19% higher between July and September 2017 compared to the same period two years ago.
REX
19/40 Cannabis extract could provide a "new class of treatment" for psychosis
CBD has a largely opposite effect to delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main active component of cannabis and the substance responsible for paranoia and anxiety.
Getty
20/40 More than 75,000 people sign a petition calling on Richard Branson's Virgin Care to return the sums paid to the NHS
Mr. Branson's company sued the NHS last year after losing a £ 82 million contract to provide child health services across Surrey, raising concerns about "serious gaps "in the award of the contract.
Pennsylvania
21/40 More than 700 fewer nurses train in England the first year after the NHS fellowship was abolished
The number of people willing to study nursing in England decreased by 3% in 2017, while the number of accepted people in Wales and Scotland, where scholarships were kept, increased by 8.4 % and 8% respectively.
Getty
22/40 Historical study associates 120,000 deaths with conservative austerity
The document revealed that there were 45,000 more deaths in the first four years of savings by the Conservatives than what could have been expected if funding had been maintained at the same time. pre-election levels.
On this trajectory that could reach nearly 200,000 excess deaths by the end of 2020, even with the additional funding provided for public sector services this year.
Reuters
23/40 Long journeys involve health risks
Traveling hours may seem boring, but new research shows that it could also have adverse effects on your health and work performance. Long journeys also seem to have a significant impact on mental well-being, those who make more trips more than 33% more likely to suffer from depression
Shutterstock
24/40 You can not be fit and fat
It's not possible to be overweight and healthy, concluded a major new study. The study of 3.5 million Britons found that even "healthy metabolic" obese people still run a higher risk of heart disease or stroke than those whose weight is normal
Getty
25/40 Sleep deprivation
When you feel particularly exhausted, you can certainly have the impression that your brain also lacks abilities. Now, a new study has suggested that this could be because chronic sleep deprivation can actually cause the brain to eat itself
Shutterstock
26/40 Exercise classes featuring a 45-minute nap launch
David Lloyd Gyms launched a new course on health and fitness, which is essentially a group of people napping for 45 minutes. The fitness group was prompted to launch the "napercise" course after research revealed that 86% of parents said they were tired. The class is therefore primarily for parents but it is not necessary to have children to participate.
Getty
27/40 Lawyers warn of "fundamental right to health" after Brexit
Tobacco and alcohol companies could win more easily in the courts, such as the recent battle for neutral cigarette packaging, if the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights was dropped, said lawyer and professor public health.
Getty
28/40 "Thousands of people are dying" for fear of the non-existent side effects of statins
A major new study on the side effects of the cholesterol-lowering drug suggests that common symptoms such as muscle pain and weakness are not caused by the drugs themselves.
Getty
29/40 Babies born to fathers under the age of 25 have a higher risk of autism
New research has shown that babies born to fathers under 25 years of age or older than 51 years old are at higher risk of developing autism and other social disorders. The study, conducted by the Seaver Center for the Treatment and Treatment of Autism at Mount Sinai, found that these children are actually more advanced than their peers as infants, but that they are falling behind where they reach their adolescence.
Getty
30/40 Cycling to work "could halve the risk of cancer and heart disease"
New research suggests that commuters who exchange their bus or bus passes against a bike could halve their risk of developing heart disease and cancer, but activists cautioned it was always "urgent" to improve the road conditions for cyclists.
Cycling to work is associated with a 45% lower risk of cancer and 46% less cardiovascular disease, according to a quarter of a million people.
Researchers at the University of Glasgow found that walking to work also had health benefits, but not to the same degree as cycling.
Getty
31/40 Playing Tetris in the hospital after trauma could prevent PTSD
Scientists conducted research on 71 road accident victims while waiting for treatment in a hospital that specializes in accidents and emergencies. They asked half of the patients to briefly recall the incident and then play the classic computer game. The others then received a written activity to complete. Researchers at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden and at Oxford University found that patients who had played Tetris had reported fewer intrusive memories, commonly known as flashbacks, in the following week.
Rex
32/40 After the last study, the use of nicotine as an alternative to smoking is healthier
After the first long-term study of its effects on ex-smokers, health experts highly praised vaper's health experts.
After six months, scientists who continually switched to e-cigarettes contained significantly fewer toxins and carcinogens than smokers
Getty
33/40 A common method of cooking rice can leave traces of arsenic in food, warn scientists
Scientists have warned that millions of people are at risk of cooking their rice incorrectly.
Recent experiments show a common method of cooking rice – boiling it in a saucepan until the water is cooked – can expose those who consume it to traces of arsenic, a poison that contaminates rice during its growth due to industrial toxins and pesticides
Getty
34/40 Contraceptive gel that creates a "reversible vasectomy" that has proven effective in monkeys
An injectable contraceptive gel that acts as a "reversible vasectomy" is about to be offered to men after successful trials on monkeys.
Vasalgel is injected into the vas deferens, the small canal located between the testes and the urethra. So far, it has been proven that it prevented 100% of the designs
Vasalgel
35/40 Shift work and heavy loads can reduce women's fertility, study finds
A new study found that women who work at night or work irregular shifts may experience a decline in fertility.
According to researchers at Harvard University, shiftworkers and night workers have fewer eggs capable of turning into healthy embryos than those who work day-to-day
Getty
36/40 Japanese government asks people to stop working excessively
The Japanese government has announced measures to limit the number of overtime hours that employees can do to try to prevent people from literally working to death.
According to a government survey, one-fifth of Japan's working population is at risk of dying from overwork, known as karoshi, as it performs more than 80 hours of overtime per month.
Getty
37/40 High blood pressure can protect over 80 years of dementia
It is well known that high blood pressure is a risk factor for dementia. The results of a new study from the University of California at Irvine are therefore quite surprising. The researchers found that people who developed high blood pressure between 80 and 89 years are less likely to develop Alzheimer's disease (the most common form of dementia) over the next three years compared to people of the same age presenting normal blood pressure
Getty
38/40 The discovery of the "universal vaccine against cancer" announced by experts
Scientists have taken a "very positive step" towards creating a universal cancer vaccine that would allow the immune system to attack tumors as if they were a virus, experts said. Writing in Nature, an international team of researchers described how they removed fragments of the cancer's genetic code in tiny nanoparticles of fat and injected the mixture into the blood of three patients in advanced stages of the disease. The immune system of the patients reacted by producing "killer" T cells designed to fight against cancer. The vaccine has also proven effective in combating "aggressive growth" tumors in mice, according to researchers led by Professor Ugur Sahin of the Johannes Gutenberg University in Germany.
Rex
39/40 Research has shown that diabetes can be used to stop the first signs of Parkinson's disease.
Scientists in a new study show that the first signs of Parkinson's can be stopped. The UCL study is still in its research period but the team is "excited". The current Parkinson's medications manage the symptoms of the disease, but do not stop the progression of the brain.
Pennsylvania
40/40 Drinking alcohol could reduce the risk of diabetes
A new study shows that drinking alcohol three to four days a week could reduce the risk of diabetes. Wine has proven to be the most effective at reducing risk because of the chemical compounds that balance blood sugar.
Getty
1/40 Breeding with Neanderthals helped man to fight diseases
Leaving Africa about 70,000 years ago, humans came up against Neanderthals from Eurasia. While humans were weak in the face of new land diseases, breeding with Neanderthals allowed a better equipped immune system
Pennsylvania
2/40 According to a study, daily aspirin is not necessary for healthy elderly people
A study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that many seniors took aspirin daily without much success
Getty
3/40 Cancer study could lead to cancer, says US study
A study at the Masonic Cancer Center of the University of Minnesota found that formaldehyde, acrolein and methylglyoxal, carcinogens, are present in the saliva of electronic cigarette consumers.
Reuters
4/40 More children are obese and diabetic
There has been a 41% increase in the number of children with type 2 diabetes since 2014, the National Diabetes Audit found in children. Obesity is a major cause
Reuters
5/40 Most children's antidepressants are ineffective and can lead to suicidal thoughts.
The majority of antidepressants are ineffective and may pose a risk to the safety of children and adolescents with major depression, experts warned. To date, in the most comprehensive comparison of the 14 commonly prescribed antidepressants, researchers have found that a single brand is more effective at relieving the symptoms of depression than a placebo. Another popular drug, venlafaxine, has been shown to increase risk users engaging in suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts.
Getty
6/40 According to a study, gay, lesbian and bisexual adults are at greater risk of suffering from heart disease
Researchers at the South Florida Baptist Clinic in Miami focused on seven areas of controllable heart health and found that these minority groups were particularly likely to smoke and have poorly controlled blood sugar levels.
iStock
7/40 Breakfast cereals for children contain "consistently high" sugar levels since 1992 despite claims by the producer
A major pressure group recently issued a new warning about extremely high sugar levels in breakfast cereals, especially those for children, and said levels had barely been reduced in the last two decades and half.
Getty
8/40 Potholes make us fat, warn the NHS watchdog
New directive from the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE), the body that determines the treatment that the NHS should fund, said lax road repairs and dominated streets by cars were contributing to the epidemic of obesity by preventing members of the public from staying active
Pennsylvania
9/40 New menopause medications offer women relief from "debilitating" hot flashes
An essay revealed that a new class of treatments for postmenopausal women is able to reduce the number of debilitating hot flashes by at least three quarters in a few days.
The drug used in the trial belongs to a group known as NKB antagonists (blockers), which have been developed to treat schizophrenia but which have been "unused on a shelf", according to the Professor Waljit Dhillo, professor of endocrinology and metabolism.
REX
10/40 Physicians should prescribe more antidepressants for people with mental health problems, study finds
Research by the University of Oxford has revealed that over one million additional people with mental health problems would benefit from being prescribed drugs, and criticized the "ideological" reasons relied on by doctors for not doing so.
Getty
11/40 A student dies of the flu after the NHS advised him to stay home and avoid emergencies
The family of a teenager who died of the flu urged people not to delay the move to emergencies if they were worried about their symptoms. Melissa Whiteley, an 18-year-old engineering student from Hanford in Stoke-on-Trent, fell ill at Christmas and died at the hospital a month later.
Just give
12/40 The government will examine thousands of implants harmful to the vagina
The government is committed to examining tens of thousands of cases in which women have received implants harmful to the vagina.
Getty
13/40 Jeremy Hunt announces "zero suicide ambition" for the NHS
The NHS will be invited to go further in preventing the deaths of patients entrusted to it as part of the "Zero Suicide Ambition" launched today.
Getty
14/40 Human trials start with a cancer treatment that causes the immune system to kill tumors
The human trials began with a new anti-cancer therapy capable of causing the immune system to eradicate the tumors. The treatment, which works like a vaccine, is a combination of two existing drugs, of which very small amounts are injected into the solid mass of a tumor.
Wikimedia Commons / Nephron
15/40 Major study reveals that baby's health suffers from being born near fracking sites
Mothers living within one kilometer of a fracturing site were 25% more likely to have a child born with low birth weight, which increases their risk of asthma , ADHD and other problems.
Getty
16/40 NHS examines thousands of cervical cancer smears after women are misdirected
Thousands of cervical cancer screening results are under study after laboratory failures have been found to be harmful to some women. A number of women have already been asked to contact their doctor as a result of identifying "procedural issues" in the service provided by Pathology First Laboratory.
REX
17/40 Scientists have discovered a key to stopping the spread of breast cancer
Most breast cancer patients do not die from their initial tumor, but from secondary malignancies (metastases), where cancer cells can enter the bloodstream and survive to invade new sites. Asparagine, a molecule named after asparagus, where it was first identified in large quantities, has been shown to be an essential ingredient for tumor cells to acquire these migratory properties.
Getty
18/40 NHS nursing vacancies hit record high with more than 34,000 advertised positions
The NHS is currently announcing a record number of nursing and midwifery positions, with more than 34,000 positions currently vacant, according to the latest data. The demand for nurses was 19% higher between July and September 2017 compared to the same period two years ago.
REX
19/40 Cannabis extract could provide a "new class of treatment" for psychosis
Le CBD a un effet largement opposé au delta-9-tétrahydrocannabinol (THC), principal composant actif du cannabis et substance responsable de la paranoïa et de l’anxiété.
Getty
20/40 Plus de 75 000 personnes signent une pétition appelant Virgin Care de Richard Branson à restituer les sommes versées au NHS
La société de M. Branson a poursuivi le NHS l’année dernière après avoir perdu un contrat de fourniture de services de santé pour enfants à travers le Surrey, d’un montant de 82 millions de livres, faisant état de préoccupations concernant de «graves lacunes» dans l’attribution du contrat.
Pennsylvanie
21/40 Plus de 700 infirmières de moins se sont entraînées en Angleterre la première année après la suppression de la bourse du NHS
Le nombre de personnes acceptant d'étudier les sciences infirmières en Angleterre a diminué de 3% en 2017, tandis que le nombre de personnes acceptées au pays de Galles et en Écosse, où les bourses étaient conservées, a augmenté de 8,4% et 8% respectivement.
Getty
22/40 Une étude historique associe 120 000 morts à l'austérité conservatrice
Le document a révélé qu'il y avait 45 000 décès de plus au cours des quatre premières années d'économies réalisées par les conservateurs que ce à quoi on aurait pu s'attendre si le financement avait été maintenu aux niveaux préélectoraux.
Sur cette trajectoire qui pourrait atteindre près de 200 000 décès excédentaires d’ici à la fin de 2020, même avec le financement supplémentaire prévu pour les services du secteur public cette année.
Reuters
23/40 Les longs trajets comportent des risques pour la santé
Les heures de déplacement peuvent sembler ennuyeuses, mais de nouvelles recherches montrent que cela pourrait également avoir des effets néfastes sur votre santé et votre performance au travail. Les longs trajets semblent également avoir un impact significatif sur le bien-être mental, ceux qui font plus de trajets plus de 33% plus susceptibles de souffrir de dépression
Shutterstock
24/40 Vous ne pouvez pas être en forme et gros
Il n'est pas possible d'être en surpoids et en bonne santé, a conclu une nouvelle étude majeure. L'étude portant sur 3,5 millions de Britanniques a révélé que même les personnes obèses «en bonne santé métabolique» courent toujours un risque plus élevé de maladie cardiaque ou d'accident vasculaire cérébral que celles dont le poids est normal
Getty
25/40 Privation de sommeil
Lorsque vous vous sentez particulièrement épuisé, vous pouvez certainement avoir l'impression que votre cerveau manque également de capacités. Maintenant, une nouvelle étude a suggéré que cela pourrait être parce que la privation chronique de sommeil peut réellement amener le cerveau à se manger
Shutterstock
26/40 Cours d'exercices proposant un lancement de siestes de 45 minutes
David Lloyd Gyms a lancé un nouveau cours sur la santé et le conditionnement physique, qui consiste essentiellement en un groupe de personnes faisant la sieste pendant 45 minutes. Le groupe de conditionnement physique a été incité à lancer le cours «napercise» après que des recherches eurent révélé que 86% des parents se disaient fatigués. La classe s’adresse donc principalement aux parents mais il n’est pas nécessaire d’avoir des enfants pour participer.
Getty
27/40 Les avocats mettent en garde sur le "droit fondamental à la santé" après le Brexit
Les sociétés productrices de tabac et d’alcool pourraient gagner plus facilement devant les tribunaux, comme la récente bataille en faveur des emballages de cigarettes neutres, si la Charte des droits fondamentaux de l’Union européenne était abandonnée, a déclaré un avocat et un professeur de santé publique.
Getty
28/40 «Des milliers de personnes meurent» de peur des effets secondaires inexistants des statines
Une nouvelle étude majeure sur les effets secondaires du médicament hypocholestérolémiant suggère que les symptômes courants tels que la douleur et la faiblesse musculaires ne sont pas causés par les médicaments eux-mêmes.
Getty
29/40 Les bébés nés de pères âgés de moins de 25 ans ont un risque plus élevé d'autisme
Une nouvelle recherche a montré que les bébés nés de pères âgés de moins de 25 ans ou de plus de 51 ans courent un risque plus élevé de développer l’autisme et d’autres troubles sociaux. L’étude, réalisée par le Centre Seaver pour le traitement et le traitement de l’autisme au mont Sinaï, a révélé que ces enfants sont en réalité plus avancés que leurs pairs en tant que nourrissons, mais qu’ils prennent du retard au moment où ils atteignent leur adolescence.
Getty
30/40 Se rendre au travail à vélo «pourrait réduire de moitié le risque de cancer et de maladie cardiaque»
De nouvelles recherches suggèrent que les navetteurs qui échangent leur laissez-passer d'autobus ou d'autobus contre un vélo pourraient réduire de moitié leur risque de développer une maladie cardiaque et un cancer, mais les militants ont averti qu'il était toujours «urgent» d'améliorer les conditions de route des cyclistes.
Se rendre au travail à vélo est associé à un risque de cancer par 45% moins élevé et de 46% de maladies cardiovasculaires, selon une étude réalisée sur un quart de million de personnes.
Les chercheurs de l'Université de Glasgow ont découvert que marcher pour se rendre au travail avait également des effets bénéfiques sur la santé, mais pas au même degré que le cyclisme.
Getty
31/40 Jouer à Tetris à l'hôpital après un traumatisme pourrait prévenir l'ESPT
Des scientifiques ont mené des recherches sur 71 victimes d’accidents de la route alors qu’ils attendaient un traitement dans un hôpital spécialisé dans les accidents et les urgences. Ils ont demandé à la moitié des patients de rappeler brièvement l'incident, puis de jouer au jeu informatique classique. Les autres ont ensuite reçu une activité écrite à compléter. Les chercheurs de l’Institut Karolinska en Suède et de l’Université d’Oxford ont découvert que les patients ayant joué à Tetris avaient signalé moins de souvenirs intrusifs, communément appelés flashbacks, au cours de la semaine qui a suivi.
Rex
32/40 Après la dernière étude, l'utilisation de la nicotine comme alternative à la cigarette est plus saine
Après la première étude à long terme de ses effets sur les ex-fumeurs, les experts en matière de santé ont vivement félicité les experts de la santé de vaper.
Après six mois, les scientifiques qui ont passé du tabac continuellement aux cigarettes électroniques contenaient beaucoup moins de toxines et de substances cancérogènes que les fumeurs
Getty
33/40 Une méthode courante de cuisson du riz peut laisser des traces d'arsenic dans les aliments, avertissent les scientifiques
Des scientifiques ont averti que des millions de personnes courent le risque de cuire leur riz de manière incorrecte.
Des expériences récentes montrent une méthode courante de cuisson du riz – le faire bouillir dans une casserole jusqu'à ce que l'eau soit cuite – peut exposer ceux qui le consomment aux traces de l'arsenic, un poison qui contamine le riz pendant sa croissance en raison de toxines industrielles et pesticides
Getty
34/40 Gel contraceptif qui crée une «vasectomie réversible» qui s'est avéré efficace chez les singes
Un gel contraceptif injectable qui agit comme une «vasectomie réversible» est sur le point d’être offert aux hommes après des essais réussis sur des singes.
Vasalgel est injecté dans le canal déférent, le petit canal situé entre les testicules et l'urètre. Jusqu’à présent, il a été prouvé qu’il empêchait 100% des conceptions
Vasalgel
35/40 Un travail posté et des charges lourdes peuvent réduire la fertilité des femmes, selon une étude
Une nouvelle étude a révélé que les femmes qui travaillent la nuit ou effectuent des quarts de travail irréguliers peuvent connaître une baisse de la fécondité.
Selon des chercheurs de l'université de Harvard, les travailleurs postés et de nuit ont moins d'œufs capables de se transformer en embryons sains que ceux qui travaillent de jour en journée
Getty
36/40 Le gouvernement japonais demande aux gens de cesser de travailler trop
Le gouvernement japonais a annoncé des mesures visant à limiter le nombre d'heures supplémentaires que les employés peuvent faire pour tenter d'empêcher les personnes de travailler littéralement à mort.
Selon un sondage gouvernemental, un cinquième de la population active du Japon risque de mourir de surmenage, connu sous le nom de karoshi, car il effectue plus de 80 heures supplémentaires par mois.
Getty
37/40 Une pression artérielle élevée peut protéger plus de 80 ans de la démence
It is well known that high blood pressure is a risk factor for dementia, so the results of a new study from the University of California, Irvine, are quite surprising. The researchers found that people who developed high blood pressure between the ages of 80-89 are less likely to develop Alzheimer’s disease (the most common form of dementia) over the next three years than people of the same age with normal blood pressure.
Getty
38/40 'Universal cancer vaccine’ breakthrough claimed by experts
Scientists have taken a “very positive step” towards creating a universal vaccine against cancer that makes the body’s immune system attack tumours as if they were a virus, experts have said. Writing in Nature, an international team of researchers described how they had taken pieces of cancer’s genetic RNA code, put them into tiny nanoparticles of fat and then injected the mixture into the bloodstreams of three patients in the advanced stages of the disease. The patients' immune systems responded by producing "killer" T-cells designed to attack cancer. The vaccine was also found to be effective in fighting “aggressively growing” tumours in mice, according to researchers, who were led by Professor Ugur Sahin from Johannes Gutenberg University in Germany
Rex
39/40 Research shows that diabetes drug can be used to stop first signs of Parkinson’s
Scientists in a new study show that the first signs of Parkinson’s can be stopped. The UCL study is still in its research period but the team are ‘excited’. Today’s Parkinson’s drugs manage the symptoms of the disease but ultimately do not stop its progression in the brain.
Pennsylvanie
40/40 Drinking alcohol could reduce risk of diabetes
A new study shows that drinking alcohol three to four days a week could reduce the risk of diabetes. Wine was found to be most effective in reducing the risk due to the chemical compounds that balance blood sugar levels.
Getty
Further tactics adopted by the industry include shrinkflation – cutting the number of cigarettes in a pack to disguise price rises and prevent the cost of a packet of tobacco being tipped over certain psychological levels.
Reducing the number of cigarettes in a pack from 20 to 19, 18 or even 17, while keeping the price stable means the higher cost per cigarette isn’t immediately obvious to most smokers – and the producer can make greater profits.
The industry also used price marked packaging to limit the ability of retailers to increase their small markup on tobacco sales as a further way of keeping tobacco cheap. Sales of 10-cigarette packs increased and very small packs of loose tobacco (10g or less) were introduced. These small packets appeal to the most price sensitive smokers as they cost less to buy.
Such tactics and small packs have recently been banned in the UK with the introduction of standardised packaging (where tobacco has to be sold in a standardised format with drab packaging) but are still available elsewhere. The UK has also introduced a new minimum excise tax which puts the average price at over £10 for a packet of 20 cigarettes stopping the sale of ultra-cheap mainstream tobacco products.
Ultimately the tobacco industry wouldn’t be manipulating price if it wasn’t so effective in ensuring young people take up smoking and in preventing existing smokers from quitting. So what more can we do?
Stubbing it out
Further restricting industry use of pricing tactics would be a good option. Companies could be limited in the number of brands and brands variants they sell to cut down on the range of prices on offer, and in the number of times they can change prices in order to remove their ability to smooth prices and directly undermine the public health benefits of tax increases.
There is even a case for directly regulating tobacco prices in the same way that prices for public utility services, such as water and electricity are often determined by independent government agencies. Public utilities are important services, which is why the government looks to protect the public from company pricing choices – but then tobacco is a very addictive and deadly product where price matters too.
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Meanwhile, Bloomberg Philanthropies recently announced a $20m (£16m) investment to create Stop (Stopping Tobacco Organisations and Products) – a global tobacco industry watchdog to help expose more of these practices. The Tobacco Control Research Group at the University of Bath is one of three partners funded to lead this initiative.
The public can cannot afford to let the industry operate under the radar when the product they make kills two out of three long term users. This new partnership will serve as a necessary watchdog to expose their deadly tactics.
Anna Gilmore is a professor of public health and director of the Tobacco Control Research Group, J Robert Branston is a senior lecturer in business economics and Rosemary Hiscock is a research associate at the University of Bath. This article first appeared on The Conversation (theconversation.com)
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