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India has been responsible for 32% of all TB deaths in the world in HIV-negative people. Photo: mint
New Delhi: India is one of the major contributors to underreporting and under-diagnosing TB cases worldwide, according to the World Report on Tuberculosis 2018 published by the World Health Organization. Health (WHO) on Tuesday.
"Underreporting and under-diagnosis of TB cases were major challenges. Of the 10 million people with TB in 2017, only 6.4 million have been officially registered by national reporting systems, leaving 3.6 million people undiagnosed or detected, but not reported. Ten countries accounted for 80% of this gap, with India, Indonesia and Nigeria leading the list, "the report says.
According to the report, India accounted for 32% of TB-related deaths among HIV-negative people and 27% of the combined total of TB-related deaths among HIV-negative and HIV-positive people in 2017.
Tuberculosis affects all countries and all age groups, but overall estimates for 2017 show that 90% of cases were adults (aged 15 and over), 64% of men, and 9% of people with HIV. .
Of these, two-thirds of tuberculosis cases were reported in eight countries – India (27%), China (9%), Indonesia (8%), Philippines (6%), Pakistan (5%), Nigeria ( 4%). ), Bangladesh (4%) and South Africa (3%).
The report points out that in 2017, 6.4 million new TB cases were officially notified to national authorities around the world and were subsequently reported to the WHO. This number has increased since 2013, after four years (2009-2012), where 5.7 to 5.8 million new cases were reported each year, mainly due to increased reporting of cases detected by the private sector in India. which has increased by more than 44%. between 2013 and 2017, according to the report.
"We have never seen such political attention and understanding of what the world needs to do to end tuberculosis and drug-resistant TB. We must build on this momentum and act together to end this terrible disease, "said Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Director General of WHO.
The report also highlights that drug-resistant TB remains a global public health crisis. In 2017, it was estimated that 558,000 people had developed resistance to at least rifampicin, the most effective first-line anti-tuberculosis drug. The vast majority of these people were resistant to multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) combined with rifampicin and isoniazid (another key first-line drug against tuberculosis).
"Only one in four people with MDR-TB were treated with second-line therapy. China and India alone were home to 40% of the patients requiring MDR-TB treatment, but did not report receiving MDR-TB. Overall, the success of MDR-TB treatment remains low at 55%, often because of drug toxicity, which prevents patients from continuing to seek care, "the report says.
Of the top five risk factors for TB, including alcohol, smoking, diabetes, HIV and undernutrition, the majority of TB patients in India, more than 6 lakh, were attributable to undernutrition. . During the past year, the National Tuberculosis Control Program (NCRNP) and the National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) have collected data to evaluate TB screening activities among people attending the centers. antiretroviral treatment. According to data reported by the RNTCP for 2017, an estimated 58% of people with HIV-associated TB have not achieved TB care. Reasons for the disappearance of people with TB include inadequate access to services, weaknesses in service delivery, gaps in registration and reporting, and limited engagement of the private sector.
In addition, the Ministry of Health launched a pilot project on Wednesday to use the services of the Department of Posts to transport sputum specimens for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in Karawal Nagar Delhi.
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