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A recent study showed that the ancient civilizations engaged in globalization were more than we thought, suggesting that an integrated global economy was not new and could have benefited societies for years.
Archaeological research has used radiocarbon dating to examine human societies in the long run. The researchers found that societies often experienced periods of prosperity and recession, a process known as synchrony.
They used radiocarbon dating and historical documents to measure energy use over a period of history ranging from about 10,000 to 400 years, a period that covers much of the present day of the Holocene.
The higher the energy consumption, the more likely the company is to thrive with the population and the political and economic activity.
Among the areas examined are the western United States, the British Isles, Australia and northern Chile.
Radiocarbon dating came from preserved organics such as seeds, animal bones and burnt wood from old waste deposits at these sites. Radiocarbon dating measures the radioactive decay of the 14 carbon atom of organic matter to determine the age of organic matter.
The researchers' findings suggest that early globalization may have been a strategy for societies through migration, commerce and conflict with other distant societies when the carrying capacity of a society was starting to be overloaded.
Jacopo A. Baggio, one of the leading researchers, said that it was particularly important to study the resilience of societies or the ability to recover from a long-term disaster, and that radiocarbon dating is a useful tool for this assessment.
"Resilience is intrinsically dynamic. It is therefore very difficult to understand resilience in a short period of time. We have the opportunity to look at these longer trends and see how the company has responded and adapted. It is hoped that this can give lessons for modern society, "Baggio said.
The researcher said that the rise and fall of societies seem to be an integral part of civilization.
"Our data stop at 400 years and there has been a huge shift from organic economies to fossil fuel economies," Baggio said. "However, similar timing trends are continuing even more, given the interdependencies of our societies."
Jacob Freeman, another researcher, said the new study suggests that the process of building bridges between societies and becoming interdependent, known as globalization, has also played out in human society millennia ago.
"If every culture was unique, you would expect to see no synchronization, or harmony, between human energy consumption registers," Freeman said.
Another researcher, Erick Robinson, said it was important to look at not only crops at specific times, but also in the long term. "We have to come back and forth between different spatial and temporal scales in order to understand the whole situation," Robinson said.
The complete results are present in the journal – Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
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