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American universities continue to dominate the Times Higher Education or THE World University Rankings this year but are mostly static or declining; while Japan leads the UK as the second most represented country and China continues to progress.
With 103 universities represented – against 89 last year – Japan secures its largest presence and surpasses the UK for the first time.
The United Kingdom will console itself after having won the first two places, Oxford University being in the lead for a third year and Cambridge University holding second place.
China is the fourth most represented country and has a new university, Tsinghua University, which is also the highest ranked institution in Asia.
Despite the dominance of the United States, the majority of US institutions are stagnating or declining in the rankings as global competition intensifies. Stanford University is the top performer in the United States in third place and Yale University is in the top 10, but the California Institute of Technology is pulling out again.
The United States occupies seven of the top ten places, with Stanford, followed by Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), California Institute of Technology, Harvard University, Princeton University, and Yale. Imperial College London of the United Kingdom is ninth, followed by the University of Chicago.
The United States occupies 15 of the top 20, ETH Zurich, 11th, and UCL, of the United Kingdom, the other non-US institution.
But overall, according to Ellie Bothwell, editor-in-chief of the world ranking at THE, the US position could be described as "stagnant or gradually declining modestly".
"Its institutions operate on increasingly difficult terrain. Public universities continue to suffer from reduced public funding as a result of the global recession and many institutions are facing a decline in international students due to tougher immigration policies. Combined with growing global competition, these difficult policies could further weaken the status of educational power in the United States. "
Meanwhile, China continues its relentless rise in ranking. Tsinghua University is the highest climber in the top 30, rising from eighth to 22nd place and becoming the highest ranked institution in Asia, ahead of the National University of Singapore (23rd). It also leaves New York University (27th) and the London School of Economics and Political Science (26th) in its wake and surpasses Princeton, Yale and MIT for research.
Mainland China has 72 universities, up from 63 last year. It also retains seven institutions in the top 200 of the elite and records several remarkable performances this year, including the University of Zhejiang, which climbed 76 places and the new university Southern Science of Technology.
Phil Baty, THEThe world ranking editorial director said: "At the global level, as China and other emerging countries place universities at the heart of national economic growth strategies, they may well challenge the Anglo-American dominance of ranking in the years to come. to come up.
He said China's formula for success – strengthening international perspectives and global partnerships, investing heavily in leading institutions and attracting and retaining the best talent in the world – is strengthening its reputation and influence around the world. imitate him.
In contrast, traditional power regions such as the United States, Europe, and Australia are experiencing the effects of a worsening of cuts and creeping isolationism.
"Maintaining current standards of excellence under these conditions is unsustainable and, in a context of increasing global competition, we are once again seeing signs of stagnation and modest decline in established bastions, with exceptional individual successes," he said. declared.
"As East Asian universities continue to grow, the future of the old elite will depend on solid investment and positive policies that allow universities to attract and retain top international talent." .
India is further strengthening its presence, with 49 places this year, against 42, the fifth-best represented nation.
Mixed image for Europe
This is a mixed record for Europe, with the UK in the top two, but ETH Zurich in the top 10, while the Netherlands set a new record and the first two recent mergers with Sorbonne University. newcomer.
Seven European institutions are represented in the top 30 in 2019, the same as last year, and the European institutions occupy nearly half of the top 200.
The United Kingdom (with 98 institutions), Germany (with 47), Italy (43), Spain (38) and France (34) are the most represented European countries in the ranking, while the United Kingdom (29), Germany (23) and the Netherlands (12) are the most represented European countries among the top 200.
But Bothwell warns that a change in the political climate across the continent could hurt many higher education systems in the coming years.
"If pan-European research and mobility collaborations are constrained by Brexit, universities in the UK and Europe will suffer, while the rise of far-right populism is already affecting the academic freedom of universities in other countries. such as Hungary, she says. "These factors, combined with strong competition from Asia, will put strong pressure on European universities over the next 12 months."
The 2019 table lists more than 1,250 higher education institutions worldwide, up from just over 1,100 last year, and has 86 countries, up from 81.
Paris Sciences et Lettres – Research University PSL Paris, with a progression of 31 places, from 72nd to 41st after being ranked in the rankings last year, is followed by Sungkyunkwan University of South Korea, which won 29 places. from the 111th to the 82nd joint; The Charité-Universitätsmedizin of Berlin, Germany, which has risen 36 places, from 126th place to 90th place, alongside the University of Zurich, Switzerland, which itself gained 46 places, the 136th in the 90th.
The University of Baghdad becomes the first participant of Iraq at the table of 15 years of seniority, joining the world group of 801-1000 spectators. The University of the West Indies becomes the first participant of Jamaica – joining the table in the 501-600 banding, with a strong international perspective. Kazakhstan, Nepal and Tanzania are also joining the table for the first time this year, while Serbia returns after a year of absence.
Bangladesh is the only country to leave the table in 2019, with Dhaka University not submitting data.
the THE World University Rankings states that it views research-intensive universities in each of their core missions: teaching (the learning environment); research (volume, revenue and reputation); international perspectives (staff, students and research); citations (influence of research); and industry revenues (knowledge transfer). It uses 13 performance indicators and is independently audited by a professional services firm, PricewaterhouseCoopers.
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