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A new study suggests that old tunnels dug by lava cause whirlwinds.
Dust has created lunar whirlpools, luminous and mysterious patterns on the rocky satellite surface that are often mistaken for faces and other shapes on a full moon.
When you look at the moon, whether in pictures or live, through a telescope, you can see strange patterns on its surface. Many people take them for craters caused by meteorite impacts, since this is after all the moon.
Working with what is known about the complex geometry of lunar vortices and the magnetic field forces associated with them, Dr. Tikoo and Dr. Douglas Hemingway of the University of California at Berkeley have developed mathematical models for geological magnets. This association suggests that shiny, dark patterns can occur when these strong magnetic fields deflect particles from the solar wind and cause some parts of the lunar surface to slow down relative to others. These eddies, as well as their unusual magnetism, have been known for decades. The Apollo 15 and 16 missions helped to map the sources of magnetism on the Moon – which does not have a global magnetic field – and were associated with the eddies in an article published in 1979.
Since then, try as we could, we just could not do the head or tails of the whirlpools. Each new information only seemed to aggravate the problem. It also challenges our image of the geology of the moon.
On top of that, while the vortices are not new, they have the spectral characteristics of the new formations; that is, they are less altered than the surrounding regolith. "To solve it, we had to determine what type of geological feature could produce these magnetic fields – and why their magnetism was so powerful," the researcher added.
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Even stranger, the researchers believe that these underground magnetic objects are ancient, long, narrow lava tubes formed by lava or lava dikes, which are vertical magma sheets in the crust of the moon or planet.
When the moon is heated to over 600 degrees Celsius in the presence of a magnetic field, some lunar rocks minerals break down the iron released.
"If there is a sufficiently strong magnetic field nearby, the newly formed iron will become magnetized in the direction of this field," notes the University.
The researchers combined that knowledge of the moon's rocks with a study published last year that revealed that the now-lost magnetic field of the moon had lasted over a billion years as scientists previously thought. However, according to some previous research of the team, the lunar magnetic field lasted up to two billion years older.
Due to the strange interaction between magnetic fields and lunar vortices, Rutgers University-New Brunswick's planetology specialist, Sonia Tikoo, explained that before the new study, "the cause of these magnetic fields was the last piece of the puzzle of the understanding of magnetism that underlies these lunar whirlpools, "concluded Sonia Tikoo.
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