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What will it take for NASA's InSight satellite to land on Mars?
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CAP CANAVERAL – Mars has the annoying habit of living up to its mythological name and defeating the Earth when it comes to accepting visitors.

NASA's InSight is the latest spacecraft to call, with the firm intention of landing and digging deeper into the planet than anything that happened before. The lander arrives on Mars Monday after a six-month trip.

"We have had several successful landings now. But you never know what Mars is going to launch, "said Rob Grover, chief engineer of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory landing team.

Landing on Mars is always risky, say Grover and other experts at every opportunity.

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NASA's InSight mission, which will study the interior of Mars, was launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California on an Atlas V rocket at 07:05 ET, Saturday, May 5, 2018.
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"Our job with the landing team is to be paranoid about what might go wrong and make sure we're doing everything we can to make sure things are going well," he said. he declared.

The numbers support it. Only about 40% of all missions on Mars – named after the Roman god of war – have succeeded.

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"Going to Mars is really very difficult," Thomas Zurbuchen, senior scientist at NASA, told reporters earlier this week. "As humanity, explorers around the world, we hit about 50% – or less."

The United States is the only country to successfully operate a spacecraft on the Martian surface. InSight represents NASA's ninth attempt to place a spacecraft on Mars; a single effort has failed.

SLC-3 mobile tower is canceled to reveal the United Launch Alliance (ULA) Atlas-V rocket with NASA's InSight spacecraft aboard, Friday, May 4, 2018, at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California . (Photo: NASA / Bill Ingalls)

The last – the NASA Curiosity robot – is still in motion after six years, with more than 20 kilometers on the clock. The smallest and oldest opportunity of the space agency wandered there until June, when a global dust storm knocked him out of action. The flight controllers have not yet hoped that it will be revived.

For nearly 60 years, humankind has been trying to fly over the red planet to take photographs all the time, as well as much more complex efforts to put spacecraft in orbit around the red planet and land.

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NASA Sailor 4 made the first successful flyby of the Red Planet in 1965, returning 21 photos.

Mariner 9's went into orbit around Mars and sent back more than 7,000 photos.

And NASA's Vikings 1 and 2 not only put a spacecraft into orbit around Mars in 1976, but also to the surface. The twin Vikings were the first successful landing on Mars from planet Earth.

The 1990s were not as beneficial for NASA. The observer Mars was sentenced to death by a humiliating English-metric conversion in 1993. Another American orbiter was then lost, along with a lander and two accompanying probes intended to penetrate to the surface.

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An overview of NASA's Mars InSight mission, which will provide scientists with more information on the formation of Mars – and other planets.
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Despite decades of testing, Russia, in particular, had a lousy chance on Mars.

The Soviet Union at the time was the first to attempt an overflight of Mars, in 1960. The probe never reached the Earth's orbit. After more launching failures and flight incidents, the Soviets finally put into orbit a pair of spacecraft in 1971 and retrieved real data. But the companions of landing were a total bust.

The Soviets and Russians have nothing to do with their most recent attempt with China in 2011. The dreaded goal was to land on the moon of Phobos, the moon of Mars, to collect and return samples, and to place a second spacecraft in orbit around Mars. Neither one nor the other came out of Earth 's orbit.

Europe was also stung on Mars, as was Japan.

Although the European Space Agency has satellites operating around Mars, both of its landing attempts have failed. Just two years ago, his lander touched the surface so quickly that he dug a crater. The only Japanese spacecraft launched in 1998 has not been put into orbit.

India, meanwhile, has been operating a satellite around Mars for four years, its first and only shot on the red planet.

The European presence on NASA's InSight is important. Germany is responsible for the mechanical mole designed to dig a 5-meter hole in the Martian surface to take underground heat measurements, while France runs the seismometer for monitoring the LG earthquake.

On the surface, Curiosity is the only thing that works on Mars. Currently in orbit: US Odyssey since 2001, Mars Express (2003), US Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (2006), US Maven (2014), Mangalya Orbiter of India (2014) and European Trace Gas Orbiter (2016).

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