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The collection of microorganisms residing in the human body, estimated at 100,000 billion people, called the human microbiome, contributes to the physiology of health and human diseases, including nutrition, immune function, metabolism and development. Recent studies suggest that the maternal microbiome changes composition during pregnancy and may be associated with premature birth. However, there remains a lack of detailed analyzes of the structure, function and temporal dynamics of the maternal microbiome and how it contributes to the outcome of gestation and fetal development.
In a study published today in Genome researchThe researchers performed complete sequencing of the entire community on microbial communities from three maternal body sites (vagina, intestine, and oral cavity) during pregnancy, from the first trimester until delivery. Lead author David A. Relman of Stanford University was "surprised by the degree of diversity of the human microbiome in bacterial strains and by their temporal patterns during gestation." Of the 1500 or so identified taxa, the diversity of the community differed between body sites and during pregnancy. The vagina was predominantly organ – dominated and taxonomic diversity increased with gestational age. In the intestine and oral cavity, communities exhibited great diversity throughout pregnancy, but the abundance of gene families and predicted functions have evolved over time. Interestingly, microbiome variation in the oral cavity was associated with pregnancy-related complications such as preeclampsia. Another important finding of this study was the recovery of nearly complete genomes from new strains of bacteria associated with the disease. Further characterization of these organisms may enhance our understanding of their role in human health.
Although this research is still a few steps away from clinical applications, Relman expects this work to lead to a more informed strategy of targeted interventions before and during pregnancy to strengthen or restore the key functions of the microbiome. maternal pregnancy risks and healthier fetal development.
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Journal reference:
- Daniela S. Aliaga Goltsman, Christine L. Sun, Diana M. Proctor, Daniel B. DiGiulio, Anna Robaczewska, Brian C. Thomas, Gary Shaw, David K. Stevenson, Susan P. Holmes, Jillian F. Banfield, David A. Relman. Metagenomic analysis with strain-level resolution reveals fine-scale variation in the microbiome of human pregnancy. Genome research, 2018; DOI: 10.1101 / gr.236000.118
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Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. "The characterization of the microbiome of pregnancy reveals variations in bacterial diversity: the microbiome of pregnancy reveals variations in bacterial diversity." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, September 19, 2018.
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. (2018, September 19). The characterization of the microbiome of pregnancy reveals variations in bacterial diversity: The microbiome of pregnancy reveals variations in bacterial diversity. ScienceDaily. Retrieved September 19, 2018 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/09/180919133021.htm
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. "The characterization of the microbiome of pregnancy reveals variations in bacterial diversity: the microbiome of pregnancy reveals variations in bacterial diversity." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/09/180919133021.htm (accessed September 19, 2018).
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