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To add to the puzzle, the orbits of the planets are also unique: the farthest is a thousand times farther from the star than the deepest, say researchers at the University of Cambridge.
The star is only two million years old – a toddler in the astronomical sense – and surrounded by a huge disk of dust and ice where planets form.
<p class = "web-atom canvas-text Mb (1.0em) Mb (0) – sm Mt (0.8em) – sm" type = "text" content = "Astronomers had already spotted a "Hot Jupiter" near the star, a kind of mysterious planet that is often thought to be too close to their mother stars to form in situ. "data-reactid =" 25 "> Astronomers had already spotted a "Hot Jupiter" near the star, a kind of confusing planet, which is often thought to be too close to their mother stars to have formed in situ.
The images and models show distinct gaps in the system where more gaseous giants could orbit.
Researchers used the large Atacama Large Millimeter / Sub Millimeter Array (ALMA) network to spot 'gaps' in the disk, probably caused by three other huge planets.
The star, CI Tau, is located about 500 light-years away in a very productive stellar 'nursery' of the galaxy.
The two outer planets correspond roughly to the mass of Saturn, while the two inner planets measure about 1 and 10 times the mass of Jupiter, respectively.
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The discovery raises many questions for astronomers. About 1% of the stars host hot Jupiters, but most of the hot Jupiters are hundreds of times older than CI Tau.
Professor Cathie Clarke, of the Cambridge Astronomy Institute, said the discovery raised many questions about the system. She said: "Planetary models tend to focus on the possibility of creating the types of planets already observed. As a result, new discoveries are not suitable. The models.
"The mass planets of Saturn are supposed to be formed by first accumulating a solid nucleus, then bringing a layer of gas over, but these processes are supposed to be very slow at great distance from the star. Most models will have trouble making planets of this mass at this distance.
& # 39; It is currently impossible to tell if the extreme planetary architecture observed in the Tau CI is common in hot Jupiter systems, as the way these planet-brothers were detected – by their effect on the disk protoplanetary – would not work in older systems that no longer have a protoplanetary disk.
According to the researchers, it is also unclear whether twin planets played a role in the trajectory of the farthest planet in its near-Earth orbit and whether this mechanism works to make Jupiters warmer in general.
Another mystery lies in the formation of the two outer planets.
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