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NASA celebrates its 60th anniversary in 2018, while next year marks the fiftieth anniversary of the first human mission on the moon. To commemorate these two milestones, Guinness World Records takes stock of the achievements of the space agency's record196: First mooring between two spacecraft On 16 March 1966, the Gemini VIII capsule, piloted by David Scott and Neil Armstrong, was moored with success to an unmanned spacecraft called Agena Target Vehicle. The two machines had traveled thousands of kilometers to meet in this little corner of space, located 270 km above the Earth.Before the two astronauts had time to celebrate their feat, l & # 39; 39, one of the thrusters of the Gemini capsule malfunctioned. send the spaceship into a spin. Armstrong was able to regain control of the ship, but with almost all of its fuel exhausted, NASA decided to cancel the rest of the mission and bring it home sooner than planned.1967: Largest rocketThe Saturn V rocket, designed to take astronauts on the moon 110.6 meters (363 ft) tall and weighed up to 2,965 tonnes (3,268 US tons) when it was completely filled with water. ; gasoline. It's bigger than the Statue of Liberty and five times heavier than a modern Falcon 9 rocket. The Saturn V (which was recreated in LEGO® for Guinness World Records 2019) made its first flight on November 6, 1967, taking off the unmanned Apollo 4 capsule, before playing a role in many record achievements.1969: First The men on the moon Neil Armstrong's first step on the moon, taken on July 21, 1969, was the culmination of years of planning and hard work. Dozens of records had been broken during the process, including, a short time ago, the least amount of fuel left on a moon landing. Armstrong and his teammate Buzz Aldrin spent 21 hours on the moon, planting an American flag and preparing several scientific experiments.1972: Lunar Speed RecordWith the end of the Apollo program, NASA was determined to make the most of its latest visit to the Moon. Astronauts Eugene Cernan and Harrison Schmitt completed 22 hours of ground excursions that covered approximately 35.9 km in their Lunar Rover (LRV) vehicle. On the penultimate day, as they were descending a hill near the block of blocks "Sherlock", Schmitt and Cernan announced that their VLR had reached a record speed of 18 km / h. 1973: the largest room in spaceAt the time of its launch, on May 14, 1973, at the top of the last operational Saturn V rocket, Skylab was the largest space station ever built. Although it has since lost this title to the benefit of the International Space Station, its basic module "Orbital Workshop" remains the largest single piece ever placed in orbit. The workshop was built in a third-stage Saturn V third-stage fuel tank and measures 14.7m long and 6.6m wide.1976: first successful Mars lander Put a spacecraft on the surface of Mars safely is really difficult, even according to the standards of rocket science. The first soft landing was made by the Soviet Union's Mars 3 landing gear in 1971, but an unknown technical failure neutralized the lander's transmissions in just 20 seconds. The first lander to have successfully completed his mission is the NASA 1 Viking Lander, which landed on July 20, 1976 and transmitted images and scientific data from Mars over the next six years.1981: First Reusable Spacecraft Space Shuttle Columbia made its first flight on April 12, 1981, with Apollo veteran programer John Young and rookie astronaut Robert Crippen at the helm. He completed a two-day test mission before desorbing and descending for a conventional runway landing at Edwards Air Force Base. The orbiter was repaired and flew again later in the year. 1985: Most people in a single spaceship The Space Shuttle was larger than any previous spacecraft and was capable of holding a huge crew. On October 30, 1985, shuttle mission STS-61-A took off with a crew of eight, including six American and German and Dutch astronauts from the European Space Agency (ESA). This record for most people in a single spacecraft was maintained until 1995, when 13 people gathered on the Russian Mir Space Station. This number includes the crew of the station, the crew of a moored shuttle and the crew of a moored Soyuz. This record was matched in similar circumstances on July 17, 2009 at the International Space Station. 1990: Largest Space TelescopeAfter years of delays and development problems, the Hubble Space Telescope was finally launched on April 24, 1990 aboard Space Shuttle Discovery. With a weight of 11.1 tonnes and a length of 13 meters, the Hubble Space Telescope is the largest observatory ever built in space – a title it will retain until the launch of the James Webb Space Telescope in a few years. Hubble has made many discoveries and should remain in service for at least another 10 years. 1997: First Mars roverThe Mars Pathfinder mission completely stopped (she landed in a parachuted air bag) in a region of Mars called Ares Vallis on July 4, 1997. The next day, after the LG has deployed its solar panels, it deployed a dog-sized rover called Sojourner. Designed for a 7-ground (March) mission, he then explored the planet during 83 ground 2005: the planet's farthest moon moon landing, some 1.4 billion kilometers from the Sun. The small probe transmitted images and data to Cassini, who sent them to Earth, showing a strange and strange landscape of methane seas and ice volcanoes. Cassini remained in orbit around Saturn for a total of 13 years and 76 days, making the longest orbital survey of an outer planet.2011: The largest space station The construction of the International Space Station began with the Launch of Russian module Zarya in November 1998. It was joined by the American Unity login module later this year. With the addition of the versatile logistics module Leonardo on March 1, 2011, the ISS reached a total pressurized volume of 916 m³ (32,333 cubic feet) powered by a solar panel the size of a land 2015-2015: Most applications of an astronaut selection processThe Astronaut 22 recruitment process, which began in December 2015, allowed NASA to receive 18,300 applications from the public. This breaks the record of 8,000 established by the 1978 1978 group of 1978 astronauts. These 18,300 candidates were subjected to a rigorous selection process of only 12 people, whose names were announced on June 8, 2017. Once After completing their training, you have to fly supersonic jets, use robots and speak Russian – they will perform missions to the ISS and possibly beyond as part of NASA's Orion program.
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