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In the Standard Model of particle physics, there is almost no difference between matter and antimatter. But there is an abundance of evidence that our observable universe is made up of matter – if there was any anti-tampering, it would have been a problem to produce very high intensity gamma radiation, which has not been observed. Therefore, figuring out how to end up with an abundance of only one of the biggest questions in particle physics.
Because of this and other gaps in the Standard Model, the physicists are considering theories which add a few extra particles in ways that will help to solve the problem. One of these models is called the Two Higgs Doublet Model, which, despite the name, actually adds four extra particles.
This model can be made with all the physics observations made so far, but it is possible to have a large Hadron Collider at CERN, but it was also possible to solve the problem-antimatter imbalance. The research group, led by the University of Helsinki, set out to tackle the problem from a different angle. Their findings have been published in a paper in the Physical Review Letters.
About the Big Bang – About the time The Higgs were turning on – the universe was a hot plasma of particles.
"The technique of dimensional reduction allows us to replace the theory of this plasma with a simple quantum theory", explains Dr. David Weir, the corresponding author of the article.
"It turns out that the heavier, slower-moving particles do not matter very much when these new rules are imposed, so we end up with a much less complicated theory."
This theory can be studied with computer simulations, which provides a clear picture of what happened. In particular, they can tell us how violently out of equilibrium the universe was when the Higgs boson turned on. This is important for the purpose of determining the extent of antimatter at this time in the history of the universe using the Two Higgs Doublet Model.
"Our results showed that it is possible to explain the absence of antimatter and remain in agreement with existing observations", Dr. Weir remarks. Importantly, by making use of dimensional reduction, the new approach was completely independent of any previous work in this model.
If the Higgs are turned into such a violent way, it would have left echoes. As the bubbles of the new phase of the universe, the clouds, the clouds, the clouds, the clouds, and the clouds, the collisions between the clouds and the waves of gravitational waves. Researchers at the University of Helsinki and elsewhere are now gearing up to these European LISA projects.
Research Report: "Nonperturbative Analysis of the Electroweak Phase Transition in the Two Higgs Doublet Model"
Related Links
University of Helsinki
Understanding Time and Space
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Half moons and pinch points: Same physics, different energy
Onna, Japan (SPX) Nov 13, 2018
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