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Oral administration of insulin could also alleviate many potentially fatal side effects of the disease.
Type 1 diabetes occurs when the body's immune system destroys certain pancreatic cells that produce insulin.
New York: Researchers, including one from India, have come up with a "holy grail" insulin in a pill that could help diabetics control their blood sugar levels.
Up to 40 million people with type 1 diabetes worldwide, a painful needle bite once or twice a day is needed to deliver insulin that their body can not produce alone. and not following the treatment regimen (pain, phobia needles) can lead to poor glycemic control leading to serious health complications.
The new approach brings insulin into an ionic liquid composed of choline and geranic acid which is then placed inside a capsule with an acid-resistant enteric coating.
"Once ingested, insulin must navigate a difficult obstacle course before it can be efficiently absorbed into the bloodstream," said Samir Mitragotri, a professor at Harvard University. .
"Our approach is like a knife from the Swiss army, where a pill has tools to address each of the obstacles encountered," he added.
The enteric coating is biocompatible, easy to manufacture and can be stored for up to two months at room temperature without degrading.
This polymer coating resists degradation by gastric acids in the intestine and dissolves when it reaches a more alkaline environment in the small intestine, where the ionic fluid carrying insulin is released.
The formulation of choline-gerani acid has proven effective in penetrating two final barriers – the layer of mucus lining the intestine and the tight junctions of the intestinal wall, through which the drugs to large molecules such as insulin can not pass easily.
The findings, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, also showed that the administration of oral insulin could also alleviate many potentially fatal side effects of the disease that result from patients do not get injected.
"It has been the holy grail of the drug administration to develop ways to give protein and peptide drugs such as insulin through the mouth, instead of injecting," said the researchers.
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