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Stephen Hawking at the Seattle Science Festival. The last article of the late physicist on black holes and the paradox of information was revealed by his colleagues. The study proposed that some information from the material drawn into a black hole could be recovered from photons escaping from the event horizon. ( Stephen Hawking | Facebook )
The latest scientific article written by the beloved theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking was posthumously published by colleagues at Cambridge and Harvard.
Entitled "Black Hole Entropy and Soft Hair", the paper discusses a concept called "the paradox of information", which Professor Hawking spent decades pondering. Researchers, including co-author Malcolm Perry, reportedly completed the study a few days before Hawking's death in March.
The document is now online via the preprint resource arxiv.org.
The paradox of information
The paradox of information is a puzzle from the combination of Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity and quantum mechanics. In the 1970s, Hawking proposed that black holes also have quantum particles of temperature and leakage. Eventually, the black holes evaporate, leaving an identical void everywhere else.
However, according to physics, the information is never lost. So where exactly does the material that a black hole has consumed?
"The problem is that if you throw something into a black hole, it seems like it's going away," Perry explained. "How could the information contained in this object be recovered if the black hole disappears on its own?"
Hawking and his colleague tried to solve the problem. They argued that some black hole information can be preserved before it disappears completely.
In 2016, scientists proposed the idea of "soft hairs", photons and gravitons that escape the horizon of events from a black hole or point where nothing – not even light – could not escape. The study says some black hole information could be recorded by photons.
The idea is based on entropy or the measure of internal disorder. When the material is dragged into a black hole, its temperature changes. Since entropy is affected by temperature, especially heat, scientists can use its modifications with information stored by photons.
This is the third in a series of studies on the paradox of information on black holes. However, Perry said that the study did not completely answer the puzzle.
"We do not know that Hawking's entropy represents everything you could possibly throw on a black hole," he said, "so that's really a step forward."
The death of Stephen Hawking
Hawking died on March 14 at his home in Cambridge, UK. He was known for his work on black holes and general relativity, as well as for his bestselling books, including A brief history of time.
At age 21, he was diagnosed with a rare form of motor neuron disease that tied him up in a wheelchair most of his life. His ashes were buried at Westminster Abbey alongside Charles Darwin and Isaac Newton.
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