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This is part of a continuing series of Sun-Times information guides on cannabis. Today, we are looking at CBD oil: what is it? how it works; what it deals with, as well as the legal issues surrounding the use of CBD in Illinois.
Cannabidiol, or CBD, is a non-toxic chemical compound that comes from the sativa cannabis plant. CBD is one of 100 compounds of this type, known as cannabinoids, found in the plant.
Unlike THC – or tetrahydrocannabinol, another cannabinoid – CBD has no information about users. In recent years, CBD has become increasingly popular, with patients and experts reporting that it can be used to treat a variety of health conditions, including epilepsy, Crohn's disease and even anxiety in dogs .
Here's all you need to know about fashionable drug therapy:
What is the history of the CBD?
The CBD was discovered in the 1940s by Roger Adams, former head of the chemistry department at the University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana. In his research, Adams isolated CBD from hemp but could not determine exactly what he had found. In addition to CBD, Adams has also synthesized analogs of THC and another cannabinoid, showing their relationship with CBD.
In the 1960s, Israeli chemist Raphael Mechoulam and his team continued research by eventually synthesizing cannabinoids – including CBD, THC and others – and describing their chemical structures for future research. Mechoulam, a professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, is still studying cannabis to this day.
Is the CBD legal in Illinois?
Much of the confusion over the CBD stems from its dark legal status.
Since the DEA continues to classify hemp and marijuana in the list of Schedule I dangerous drugs, along with heroin and ecstasy, the CBD remains illegal under federal law . The Congress is currently studying the 2018 Farm Bill, which would legalize industrial hemp across the country.
Despite some confusion, the 2014 Agriculture Act did not legalize hemp-based CBD products across the country, but allowed states and universities to grow hemp. Nevertheless, hemp-based CBD is already widely and freely available in most parts of the country.
Illinois is one of 37 states that legalized marijuana for medical purposes, while nine other states have fully legalized the pot and its derivatives. Four other states – Idaho, Kansas, Nebraska and South Dakota – still prohibit the medical use of pot-based CBDs.
Last month, Illinois Governor Bruce Rauner approved a bill that legalized the cultivation of industrial hemp in Illinois and set rules for testing the levels of THC in crops. As the bill envisioned by federal lawmakers, Illinois law prohibits hemp-based CBD containing more than 0.3% THC.
What is the CBD used to treat?
In a study published last year, the World Health Organization's Expert Committee on Drug Dependence stated that CBD could be beneficial for people with:
- Alzheimer's disease
- Parkinson's disease
- Multiple sclerosis
- Huntington's disease
- Pain
- Psychosis
- Anxiety
- Depression
- Cancer
- Nausea
- Inflammatory diseases
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Infection
- Inflammatory Bowel and Crohn's Disease
- Cardiovascular illnesses
- Diabetic complications
In the report, the committee noted that "the CBD shows no potential effects of abuse or dependence". Other health professionals also use CBD to treat other medical issues, such as autism, sleep problems, and other mental health issues.
The CBD began to make itself known nationwide when the media started presenting Charlotte Figi, an 11-year-old Colorado girl with Dravet syndrome, a serious form of intractable epilepsy.
At age 5, Figi's parents, Matt and Paige Figi, had exhausted all traditional options in their quest to control the hundreds of grand mal seizures their young girl was having every day. TThey eventually turned to Stanley, a group of potato-growing brothers in Colorado, who then developed a revolutionary hemp-based CBD oil that they dubbed "Charlotte's Web".
Since she started taking oil, Figi has experienced far fewer seizures and can experience a more normal childhood. However, evidence from cases like Figi remains largely anecdotal, as researchers continue to determine the exact scientific effects of the CBD.
What are the effects of CBD?
Unlike THC, CBD does not have large users, an important distinction that has contributed to the popularity of the drug compound.
According to Ronald Aung-Din, MD, a renowned Florida neurologist, traditional medications tend to target the symptoms of a specific condition, but CBD attacks the cause of these symptoms.
Pharmaceuticals generally stimulate or block receptors for their function, but CBD and other cannabis-based therapies interact with the body's endocannabinoid system, which naturally binds to chemicals such as CBD and THC. This biological effect would apparently allow CBD to treat such a wide range of medical conditions.
A European study published last year by the National Biotechnology Information Center identified fatigue, diarrhea, and weight and appetite changes as possible side effects of CBD. Most research has been conducted on patients with epilepsy or psychotic disorders.
Are there different types of CBD?
Yes, there are several different types, including:
CBD based on marijuana:
CBD products from the cannabis plant tend to contain more THC, a combination that some experts believe increases the curative effects of CBD. As a result, according to Leafly, CBD strains containing higher amounts of THC can cause euphoric and stony side effects, such as anxiety, paranoia and vertigo.
To purchase marijuana-derived CBD from an Illinois dispensary, eligible patients must first obtain a medical cannabis card by following the steps outlined in this Sun-Times guide to medical marijuana in Illinois.
Once a patient has been approved for the state's medical program, he can go to the clinic he selected during the application process to buy CBD and other cannabis-based products.
CBD made from hemp:
Hemp-based CBD products can be purchased over-the-counter at wellness centers and bong stores in most of the United States, including Illinois.
There are two options for hemp-based CBD users: Products containing only CBD and others containing a full range of hundreds of cannabinoids, including cannabinol (CBN), cannabigerol (CBG) and tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV). and a tiny amount of THC.
All the different chemicals present in the cannabis plant would have various healing effects. For example, non-intoxicant CDG apparently helps sleep and inflammation and kills bacteria.
A new study predicts that the CBD market derived from hemp could overshadow the rest of the legal pot industry to reach $ 22 billion by 2022.
Pharmaceutical CBD:
In June, the US Food and Drug Administration approved the first CBD-based drug, a move that will undoubtedly spur more research into what else it could be treated.
The drug, a strawberry-flavored syrup called Epidiolex, is used to treat two rare forms of childhood epilepsy. In the course of their research, FDA officials found that Epidiolex reduced seizures when combined with other epilepsy medications.
FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb said his agency had been supporting cannabis-related research for "many years," but cautioned against using CBD products with drugs. "Unproven medical claims".
"The promotion and use of these unapproved products may prevent some patients from accessing appropriate and recognized treatments for serious or life-threatening conditions," Gottlieb said.
Before Epidiolex can be placed on the market, the Drug Enforcement Administration must officially reclassify the CBD into a federal drug class with medical approval. The FDA has already approved synthetic cannabinoids to treat severe weight loss in HIV patients.
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