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Nothing to fear for us. This tells us in the wrong direction to harm us with the gamma ray jet. Their best model is that it is inclined 30 degrees from the line of sight.
It is too far from us anyway at 8000 light-years. And there are no candidates for gamma rays close enough to hurt us. I go into this in detail in my article:
But that would be really bad news for all the living things that are on stars near a few light-years in particular, along the jet line. Up to 50 light-years away, this would have significant effects on a planet like ours.
WHAT IT CAN DO FOR FLOORS NEARBY ALONG HIS LINE
Fortunately, it does not concern us. We are too far and no more than a jet plane. In addition, they are not sure that this will occur as a gamma burst. And although this will happen "in the near future" for an astronomer "soon" means in the next 100,000 years. Much longer than any recorded human history.
But for another planet along the jet line and much closer to it, at some point in the future, here is what happens:
The gamma rays themselves are harmless because they can not cross the atmosphere any more than X-rays because our atmosphere is about 10 meters thick water mass. But gamma rays can travel through the atmosphere to the ozone layer and destroy ozone, damaging its protection. That is, it is a planet like ours with oxygen and an ozone layer. They would then have increased the UV rays for a number of years due to the removal of the protection against ozone.
Then, the particles charged with cosmic radiation, the fast-moving gas in the jet, are also harmful for the neighboring planets. It happens later. He can not cross the atmosphere, at least not far away. Only a few particles reach the ground. But in the upper atmosphere, the gas produces muons, heavy electrons. Heavy electrons can cross and cause increased cancer.
You would not want to live on a planet as close to this star when it goes out, especially with the increased risk of cancer – unless you are a form of life that, for whatever reason, can not have the Cancer. And there are such animals.
On Earth, elephants are an example. Although they live long, only 5% have cancer. They have a natural protection against cancer in their cells.
Bowhead whales are an even better example. They do not seem to understand at all, researchers have not found a way to attract a bowhead whale cell to cancer.
Mice are very prone to cancer, but naked mole rats, another rodent, do not have it at all. After decades of observation, no naked mole rats have ever been found with a tumor. The animal who does not have cancer
The aliens who do not develop cancer could very well do without millions of muons through their body :). Unless they are so close, they tear apart the molecules of their bodies, or something of the sort. There may be radiation levels so high that an organic being can not survive, not even microbes. Aside from that.
Many microbes are also incredibly resistant to radiation. A single cell microbe can not have cancer, but life can remain in the reactor cooling basins in the case of the radiodurans and they repair their DNA in real time as soon as it is damaged. A creature that lived in a high-radiation environment could even have all of its cells like that, able to move in the cooling pond of a reactor without noticing anything.
So, a few ETs might be able to swim in a reactor cooling pond, for fun :).
Be that as it may, although these muons cause more cancer if there is a gamma burst nearby, it's not easy to see how this could cause massive extinctions. The idea that gamma-ray bursts caused massive extinctions on Earth has somehow fallen out of favor. Maybe minor extinctions of species in the state rather precarious, or most likely not at all, even for events nearby.
What about the new star?
First of all, it's a real photo and not an artist's impression.
Photograph (not the impression of the artist) of the system – by the University of Sidney / European Southern Observatory
The most brilliant "star" here is actually two stars, the new system. The other star is a third companion who bypasses it at a great distance. One of the two central stars is about to collapse as a supernova.
The nebula is composed of gas and dust. The gas is moving very fast, 3,400 kilometers per second
Dust moves much more slowly, only 570 km / sec
This strange situation means that the star has very fast winds at its poles and slow winds at its equator.
What they think is that the gas blowing from the equator of the rapidly spinning star forms a thick disk around it. A second star is in orbit around the star being made quickly but at the corner of its equator. At each orbit, the second star hits the gas disk and sends a slow-moving pulse of dust into space. Here is a simulation that they have done to model quite well the effect of reel:
Pause to the configuration seen in the real observations:
It is on the basis of this simulation that they realize that it does not point to us.
This fast rotation means that when it runs out of fuel and collapses into a black hole, the poles collapse first. This is what astronomers think a gamma ray bursts along its poles, a bright light illuminates a whole galaxy tight for a few seconds along its axis.
A star that does not turn so fast collapses like a normal supernova. But the one that rotates so fast that the poles collapse first before the equator collapses so as to trigger a gamma burst along the axis through its poles.
Astronomers had the habit of thinking that such a star was improbable in our galaxy because it contains many heavier elements. Heavy elements dripping in the gas coming out of the star would remove a lot of angular momentum and slow it down. And in practice, almost all gamma – ray bursts come from galaxies composed mostly of young stars, with little of heavy elements beyond hydrogen and helium.
However, although Apep has a lot of heavy elements, it still runs very fast, fast enough for a gamma burst. It's mysterious, but there may have been a third star in the center and two stars fused together to form a star that was spinning very fast and his companion.
Whatever the reason, it is a very very unusual system, and a surprise that it even exists.
These very young but also very massive "Wolf-Rayet" stars are rare, only a few hundred known in our galaxy. It is surprising to see two of them in orbit. And for any of them to be a fusion of two other stars, even more rare.
This complicated scenario seems to be a new way to form gamma-ray bursts in a galaxy rich in heavier elements like ours. A model that astronomers had not thought of before
The very young galaxies have only hydrogen, helium and some lithium – the Big Bang. All other elements are made in the stars, one way or another, by nuclear fusion – or in some cases, during supernova explosions. All the elements of your body, with the exception of hydrogen, were made in an old star that destroyed its atmosphere or collapsed in a supernova there are billions of dollars. years, long before the birth of our sun, and some of these atoms then entered the nebula of birth.
They used to think that gamma – ray bursts needed galaxies with stars mainly made up of hydrogen and helium, an untreated Big Bang material. It's a new way to manufacture them in a galaxy with processed materials and heavier elements.
This summarizes the information in:
Here is the paper in Nature, unfortunately behind a paywall:
This is a very comprehensive article about the astronomer Phil Plait, the fame of "Bad astronomer":
This is the Wikipedia article:
SEVEN COUNCILS TO ADDRESS FEARS OF DOOMSDAY
If you are afraid: Seven tips for dealing with catastrophic fears, which also treat health professionals and how they can help you.
MORE DEBUNKS
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