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The bones of the beast, which roamed the earth thousands of years ago, were discovered near what was once an ancient river near Cambridge.
The creatures were about the same size as an African elephant and weighed up to eight tons.
Remains of woolly rhinos have also been found and ancient parts are about to be the subject of a study by specialists to determine their exact age.
These furry animals easily adapted to the cold of the last ice age.
But the land giants disappeared around 8,000 BC. BC because of climate change and the hunt for humans.
A spokesperson for Highways England said: "The remains of a woolly mammoth dating back to the Ice Age are one of the last remarkable discoveries of the team working on the A14 Cambridge project. to Huntingdon.
"Staff members also discovered the remains of a woolly rhino, at least 130,000 years old, during excavations of building materials near Fenstanton, in an old river.
"This is the latest in a series of fantastic discoveries by the team that built the new road, along with other remarkable discoveries, including prehistoric hedges, Iron Age villages, Roman pottery ovens , three Anglo-Saxon villages and an abandoned medieval village. "
Paleontologist Dean Lomax described the findings as "exciting" and "unusual".
He said: "Rhinoceros and woolly rhinos were once part of British wildlife during the ice age.
"We know it because their fossils have been discovered on various fossil sites across the UK.
"However, recent discoveries like this one are quite rare and it is interesting to note that they were discovered during road works.
It would be interesting to know if this is a punctual discovery or if more individuals are preserved in the same area.
"It is also important that these specimens are properly cared for and preserved.
"These types of bones, particularly mammoth tusks, can deteriorate badly if left untreated, so you have to pay close attention to these remains.
The A14 project, with a budget of 1.5 billion pounds, is expected to open in December 2020.
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