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A loop of poinsettias, better known as Easter flowers, at the commemoration organized by the National AIDS Coordinator (Cesida) on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of World AIDS Day in Plaza del Callao from Madrid. EFE / Sergio Barrenechea
On the occasion of World AIDS Day, WHO provides 10 data on HIV / AIDS:
Data 1. HIV infects cells of the immune system
The infection causes a gradual deterioration of the immune system and reduces the body's ability to fight off certain infections and other diseases. In the most advanced stages of HIV infection (human immunodeficiency virus), AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome), which is defined as the appearance of one or more opportunistic infections or cancers of more than 20 possible.
Data 2. Forms of HIV transmission
- Sexual intercourse (vaginal or anal) or oral sex without sufficient protection with an infected person.
- Transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products or transplantation of contaminated tissue.
- Exchange of solutions or injection equipment (needles, syringes) or contaminated tattooing equipment.
- Use of surgical equipment or other contaminated trapped instruments.
- Transmission from mother to child during pregnancy, delivery or breastfeeding.
Data 3. Prevent HIV transmission
- Do not take risks when you have sex, for example with a condom.
- Undergoing screening tests
- Avoid injecting drugs or, if necessary, using sterile needles and syringes.
- Make sure the necessary blood or blood products have been tested for HIV.
- Get access to voluntary male medical circumcision if you live in any of the 14 countries in which the intervention is encouraged.
- If you have HIV, start antiretroviral therapy as soon as possible for your benefit and to prevent HIV transmission to your sexual partners or addicts, or to the baby (if you are pregnant or breastfeeding).
- Use pre-exposure prophylaxis before any potentially high-risk behavior; require post-exposure prophylaxis if there is a risk of exposure to HIV.
Data 4. There are 36.7 million people worldwide infected with HIV, the vast majority of them in low- and middle-income countries. It is estimated that about 35 million people have died of AIDS, of which 1.1 million in 2015.
Data 5. Combination antiretroviral therapy prevents HIV from multiplying in the body.
Data 6. In mid-2016, 18.2 million people worldwide received antiretroviral therapy.
Data 7. HIV testing can help ensure treatment for those who need it.
Data 8. It is estimated that 1.8 million children suffer from HIV infection.
Data 9. The elimination of mother-to-child transmission is becoming a reality.
Data 10. HIV is the leading risk factor for active TB.
Decalogue for early detection of HIV
According to figures provided by the Ministry of Health, Consumer and Social Welfare, it is estimated that between 140,000 and 170,000 people living with HIV currently live in Spain, 18% of whom have not yet diagnosed.
In 2017 alone, 3,381 new diagnoses have been reported, or about seven people with the disease per 100,000 population, and this number is expected to increase.
As patient organizations claim, "prevention continues to fail" as well as early diagnosis of the virus. Therefore, the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC) and the AIDS Task Force (GESIDA) have developed a "Decalogue of recommendations for the early detection of HIV infection"
1 HIV testing should be encouraged to promote early diagnosis and reduce the number of undiagnosed people.
2. Although there are rapid tests and self-tests, the definitive diagnosis is established only in specialized laboratories.
3. The test must be voluntary, confidential, with the informed consent of the person to whom it is intended and accessible to the entire population.
4. It can be requested at any doctor's consultation. This is also done in some pharmacies and NGOs.
5. The test is mandatory in some cases, such as blood donations or organs, people participating in a program of assisted procreation techniques, as well as obtaining and receiving sperm.
6 The test should always be offered to pregnant women, prison inmates and all sexually active persons aged 20 to 59 years.
7. It is advisable to perform the test in people who may have been exposed to HIV by contact with certain body fluids of an infected person (blood, sperm and pre-seminal fluid, vaginal and rectal secretions). and breast milk), as well as those with signs and symptoms. / or symptoms of infections and tumors usually associated with HIV.
8. A negative result does not exclude a recent infection (in the last two weeks to three months, depending on the test). Therefore, if there was a risk exposure during this period, it is necessary to repeat the HIV test at 2-4 weeks and after three months.
9. If the test result is positive, it must be confirmed. In this case, it will be necessary to perform additional analyzes to determine the stage of HIV infection and initiate antiretroviral therapy.
10. If HIV infection is confirmed, antiretroviral therapy should be started early as it keeps the virus undetectable, increases defenses, improves quality of life and virtually prevents the possibility of transmitting the infection to other people. 39, other people.
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