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November 27, 2018 at 15:26
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Updated November 27, 2018 at 3:38 pm
Nicolás Maduro's government faces a series of sanctions, most of which involve allegations of corruption, money laundering, crimes against humanity by Venezuelan officials and the country's deterioration.
The United States, Canada and the European Union (EU) have ordered the blockade of properties and banned the entry of President Nicolás Maduro and senior government officials into their territories. Since 2015, progressive sanctions have been imposed on civil servants and former civil servants. In total, at least 76 people are penalized.
"Nicolás Maduro's government has made a great political effort in Europe and other latitudes, but by the end of 2018 most countries want to have a minimum of relations with governments when their members have serious suspicions of crimes against humanity, "said Daniel Varnagy, doctor of political science. Professor and coordinator of the economics course at Simón Bolívar University (USB), The national Web.
Infographic: Gabriela Galíndez – The national web
On 6 November, the EU extended by one year the arms embargo and individual sanctions against those responsible for alleged violations of human rights. The international organization considers that the deterioration of the country's situation is continuing.
Varnagy believes that sanctions, which include a pragmatic and symbolic component, generate international pressure. "On the pragmatic side, Europe is trying to undermine the permanence of power, while symbolically, it wants nothing to do with authoritarian regimes based on the decline of citizens, but also at some point they 39, have lived, "he explained. .
Julio Castellanos, Venezuelan political scientist, explained that the reasons for approving the sanctions are the breaking of the democratic thread and the violation of human rights.
"The European community has extended the sanctions because the motives are still present.The intention is not clearly to repair the damage caused by the Maduro government to the national democratic institutionalism and to the government. rule of law, "he said.
Castellanos assured that the sanctions could be much more severe, however, he said the sanctions must be authentically universal to allow the restitution of the constitutional link.
"It is necessary that the coalition of countries that sanctions Venezuela includes nations such as China and Russia," said Castellanos, who assured that if this requirement was not met, the Maduro government would find means to support themselves, even if the cost is higher. suffering for the citizens.
Dialogue: the real solution?
The Lima group countries are not in favor of the possibility of military intervention in Venezuela, while other European countries and the region believe that sanctions are needed to put pressure on the Maduro government. For his part, Josep Borrell, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Spanish Government, said that maintaining international pressure as the only solution is "sterile" if the conditions are not created for a dialogue.
Political scientist Julio Castellanos argued that a military intervention would be used by the government as a means of controlling an international conspiracy. "The regime would have in hand the pretext to blatantly and violently attack those whom it regards as internal enemies." He also explained that the right word, before "dialogue", is "negotiation".
"The search for a negotiated solution at the Venezuelan crossroads is the most reasonable one, and not only the position of Spain, but also that of the EU and the rest of the international community," said the expert. .
Professor Daniel Varnagy emphasized that the dialogue can be conducted according to the negotiations that are put on the table.
"Negotiations outside the Constitution are unethical or at least not legal.Any negotiation must be based on respect for the concept of the rule of law, jurisprudence and the current Constitution", he declared.
Varnagy said any agreement that departs from the ethical concept can not be characterized as agreement. "The situation in the country is so terrible that there can be restitution of order only by a change of system, this change of system is a question of ethical order", a- he explained.
What is expected for 2019
Experts agree that the deterioration in the quality of life of Venezuelans can worsen if the government's inaction against hyperinflation and lack of food is maintained.
"Only a legitimate government, chosen after transparent and indisputable elections, enjoying international credibility and national confidence, can face the critical decision-making stemming from the exit of 39 such a deep crisis, "said Castellanos.
He assured that there were three worrying data for the nation: the control of citizen security is increasingly militarized, the inability of regional governments to honor labor commitments (which would generate a high union conflict in 2019) and the absence of peaceful and electoral routes.
"By not having peaceful spaces, public opinion has a dangerous tendency to applaud how much it promises or attempts to carry out violent actions," he said.
For his part, Daniel Varnagy pointed out that, although official announcements indicate that there is no exchange control, hyperinflation in the country is accompanied by constant regulation of the government.
"At the end of the year, the national government can witness an increase in demonstrations, both for public services and for food and medicines, with which the government will one day have to understand that this model is a long-term unsustainable model, "he said.
The sanctions could be strengthened for next year as the various international organizations and nations of the world have warned that January 10 was the deadline for the legitimacy of President Maduro. The National Assembly assures that by 2019 there will be a power vacuum, believing that the May 20 elections are illegitimate, but it also indicates that the international community must work together to achieve "recovery. of democracy "in the country.
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