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Customize the diet with a new model
A personalized diet, based on both the genetics of the individual and on the microbiome and lifestyle, is more effective at controlling blood sugar than a diet that only considers the nutritional composition of the diet. foods, say Mayo researchers. Clinical
The study published in "JAMA Network Open" shows that the body of each person reacts differently to the same foods because of the unique composition of the intestinal microbiome of each, that is to say, this complex community of the digestive tract formed of billion people. bacteria.
The goal of the study was to develop a model to predict the glycemic response to food; that is, how much the blood glucose level is triggered or maintained after eating. He believes that a personalized method that takes into account the intestinal microbiome, age, diet, physical activity and other personal factors can predict blood glucose more accurately than the prediction of the glycemic index based on carbohydrates or calories.
"We show that our model, which takes into account the microbiome of a person and other factors, better predicts the glycemic response after eating.The usual method of counting carbohydrates and calories does not work very well. Well, because it only takes into account the characteristics of the food, regardless of the unique microbiome of each person and the lifestyle of each, "says Helena Mendes Soares, lead author of the study.
Glucose comes from ingested food and is the main source of energy for the body. It is important to control blood sugar to prevent disorders such as diabetes, heart disease, obesity, vision loss and kidney disease. The study shows that blood sugar only reacts to each person's food and explains why some people can eat foods such as fruits and feel full of energy, unlike others whose blood glucose triggers when they eat fruits and vegetables. vegetables. They feel tired.
"The study is the first fundamental step in defining and verifying the value of personalized foods.As a clinician, I found that patients do not respond in the same way to the same foods and that all diets weight loss does not work the same way in all individuals.For those who wish to control their blood sugar, it is a new model that predicts each person's unique response to food, "said the Dr. Heidi Nelson, co-author of the study.
L & # 39; study
The Mayo Clinic followed 327 people in good health for six days, most of them from the central United States. Each of them gave a stool sample to perform genetic sequencing of the unique microbial composition of their intestinal microbiome. Participants ingested their ordinary rolls of bread and cream cheese at breakfast and then consumed the food they wanted the rest of the day. They also kept a diary of their food intake, exercise and rest, in addition to wearing a glucose meter that tracked glycemic responses to food.
The researchers found that their model, which takes into account age, lifestyle and genetic differences in personal microbiomes, accurately predicts the blood glucose response to a food in 62% of cases. This percentage far exceeds the accuracy of the forecasts of 40% carbohydrate alone and 32% calories only.
"Current models of blood sugar prediction work well, but tend to count everything, such as fats and carbohydrates, within a category." With our custom model, however, people are not required to Abandon all foods of a certain category, but allow them to choose certain specific foods of a certain category that match their microbiome well, "says Purna Kashyap, co-director of the program. of the Mayo Clinic Personalized Medicine Center microbiome and another of the authors of the research.
The study was conducted in collaboration with Day Two Inc. and the results were confirmed by a similar study conducted at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel.
"The similarity of results between Israel and the United States suggests that the customized model works in diverse populations, although personal characteristics and microbiomes tend to vary due to differences in geographic location and behavior," Dr. Mendes Soares.
Although this is the first step in the development of personalized nutritional strategies to treat metabolic diseases, it will be necessary to conduct follow-up clinical studies to evaluate the long-term health benefits of the personalized method that predicts the glycemic response and its importance. both in diabetes and obesity.
Dr. Nelson holds the title of Professor Fred C. Andersen at the Mayo Clinic. Dr. Kashyap is co-director, Bernard and Edith Waterman, of the Microbiome Program at the Center for Personalized Medicine at the Mayo Clinic.
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