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Sad day "Global Hepatitis" 28-7-2018 in socialist Venezuela of the 21st century.
This is what I consider as, because in our country we celebrate it with the resurgence of hepatitis A, in the form of "Hepatitis-A-Fulminant" because of its high mortality in the first cases; when it is classified as benign and with one, its mortality is exceptional; why I was hit, so I want to present a brief summary, useful to the community, to my students and to the young professional.
Today, the French school brings together all varieties of HEPATITIS, under the name of "Alphabetic Hepatitis" for the variety of viral serotypes that condition them, their mode of transmission and their prophylaxis, such as: Hepatitis: A, B, C, D and E; of which I will present a brief summary (*):
Hepatitis, are inflammatory processes of liver tissue of multiple etiology, so that 'at the beginning we can confuse those with infectious etiology such as yellow fever, leptospirosis or malaria; to which I must add those of medicinal, toxic, and autoimmune origin.
In this case, I will describe only the etiology of some hepatotropic viruses, known today as "alphabetical hepatitis": HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV, and HEV "suggesting that the existence of other viral agents is still suspected, until now unidentified. [1] -Evirus epidemic hepatitis A and E: are common in children and young adults, their contamination is made by direct contact (30%) with the patient in his pre-icteric or icteric phase, that is to say when he has abundant virus in his stool, indirect contamination is made by consumption of excrement-contaminated water and food, which is why it is endemo-epidemic.
HAV and HEV belong to this classification, fortunately the two do not tend to evolve towards chronicity and possibility of fulminant liver failure is very low, of the order of 1 p But the HEV variety is much more serious when it is contracted in the third trimester of pregnancy, with a mortality of 10 to 30%. Hepatitis -A increases in underdeveloped countries and with very poor sanitary control of its drinking water and food consumed for immediate consumption; as is happening now in Venezuela. Today, there is a prophylactic vaccine
2-Parenteral hepatitis: are those transmitted by serum, blood, sex or any other biological product or medical instrument for intravascular use; HBV belongs to this group; HCV and HDV, which is why they can be presented at any age by means of serotherapy, hemotherapy, transplantation, hemodialysis, etc.
3-Hepatitis B: Produced by HBV, known as serum hepatitis, it has an incubation of eight weeks, with a tendency to chronicity in 10% of cases. This virus is endowed with an "X" particle responsible for the regulation of its viral replication and gives it an oncogenic power; the risk of fulminant hepatitis B is in the range of 1 to 5 per thousand, with a mortality of 80%, as well as its ability to progress to cirrhosis over a period of 10 to 20 years is presented in 1/3 of these patients.
This virus is found in low concentrations in saliva, sperm and vaginal secretions; so that its contamination can be sexual or by the use of biological material transfused; It is found at high frequency among drug addicts and can also be transmitted by sexual secretions of both sexes, in heterosexuals, homosexuals and the owners of multiamante or "partners".
4-Hepatitis C: produced by HCV, also acquired by transfused products such as blood, serums etc., with a period of incubation of about 60 days, the risks of a form fulminant are weak in the order of 5 to 10%, but tend towards chronicity to 60%, with cirrhotic or neoplastic possibilities.
This virus has different serological varieties by antigenic mutation: C4 C5 C6 and C7. It responds well to interferon-alpha-2b plus rivabirine, which reduces the serum aminotransferase concentration by 60% and stops the detection of HCV RNA particle in the patient's serum . It is found in 90% of drug addicts; its contamination by sexual secretions has not been confirmed until now. [5] -Hepatitis D: produced by HDV, it is an RNA virus, which doubles only in the presence of the HBV virus; therefore, hepatitis D or delta corresponds to co-infection of HDV and HBV viruses or is due to HDV superinfection in a patient with chronic HBV. These are the cases of chronic severe type hepatitis, with a tendency to end with cirrhosis in 15% over a period of 2 years; it is assumed that its contamination is by a process similar to hepatitis B.
PROPHYLAXIS:
The prevention of viral hepatitis includes a set of sanitary measures aimed at preventing the transmission of viral infections. Hepatitis and targeted procedures provide neutralizing antibodies against these viruses, such as the administration of gamma globulins and vaccines.
The purification of drinking water and the improvement of living standards of CITIZENSHIP, which results in better personal hygiene, has been the most important measure of impact for the prevention of alcoholism. ;hepatitis.
To reduce the risk of spread or contraction of the hepatitis A virus : Always wash your hands thoroughly after using the bathroom and when you come in contact with blood , excrement or other bodily fluids of an infected person. Avoid unsafe water; its boiling can destroy or inactivate this virus, do not consume food or drink sweaty preparation ..! VOILÁ¡
(*) Infectious-Allergic News. Dr. R T Blanco Vilariño. Edit.T.B.Printe (Council of Scientific and Humanistic Development) University of Carabobo.Valencia-Vzla. 2008
Medical clinical microbiologist.
University of Carabobo- Valencia-Venezuela.
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