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Happy Independence Day from the space! These cosmic fireworks are located on the Eta Carinae star system. It's hard to sit in the stands – it's a distance of 7,500 light-years, so we brought it. The gas and dust around this star were thrown into space after a big explosion of energy around 1840. The result is this colorful hourglass on the side.
In 1994, pieces of comet Shoemaker Levy spent a week in Jupiter's atmosphere and the collisions left dark scars. It was a very rare treat for astronomers and this greatly changed their understanding of the external solar system. It was thought that such impacts did not occur much anymore, but this planet-planet projection helped scientists to learn about the environment of the external solar system. Because of this surprise event, scientists here on Earth realized that they had to have their own planetary protection strategy.
An object called Messier 98 is 45 million light-years away. This galaxy contains about a billion stars and, because of its richness in cosmic dust and hydrogen, it produces new stars very quickly.
The Earth has dune fields, Mars also has dune fields. This photo shows part of a region called Olympia Undae located in the North Pole region of Mars, and it is the largest dune field on the planet. Scientists have detected mineral gypsum in this sea of sand, and since the mineral is left behind when a body of water evaporates, it is another indicator of the aqueous past of Mars .
Since NASA's Curiosity rover began wandering on Mars in 2012, it has detected random methane flushes on the surface of Mars. Scientists are very interested because methane is a byproduct of life, so it is possible that microbes are under the topsoil.
This type of surface is called "chaos", so named for its chaotic motives. It is found in places like the moon of Jupiter, Europa, as well as in this region of Mars bearing the appropriate name, Aurorae Chaos. Oh, and this picture is not a real photo; it is created using field data collected by different spacecraft.
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