Gender inequality continues as incomes stagnate: HILDA report

More Australian women hold a university degree than men, but overall, they earn less than their male counterparts and take the lion's share of housework and childcare, reveal new figures

. The dynamics of income and labor (HILDA) shows that women dominate the mbadive increase in university attendance over the 15 years 2001 and 2016.

While 22.6% of men and women aged 25 at age 64 had a university degree in 2001, jumped to 35.7 percent of women in 2016 and 31.1 percent of men.

However, the increase in the number of women with post-secondary education has not made it possible to fill the gender pay gap.

Employees increased by 23% for men and 22% for women, leaving the pay gap virtually unchanged.

And while Australians believe that they are more progressive in their views on the traditional bad roles at home and work, the reality is very different.

Inga Lbad, co-author of the report, said that men and women are increasingly disagreeing with statements about traditional overarching arrangements for parenting and work. Professor Lbad stated that there is a significant gap between men's and women's perceptions of a fair share of work.

"HILDA shows that most women feel overworked when most men think they are doing their fair share."

Men spend an extra hour in housework compared to 2002, but their 13.3 hours are less than 20.4 hours household chores gender roles "width =" 582 "height =" 388 "srcset =" https://1v1d1e1lmiki1lgcvx32p49h8fe-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content /uploads/2018/07/1532975497-GettyImages-534573675-800×533.jpg 800w, https://1v1d1e1lmiki1lgcvx32p49h8fe-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/1532975497-GettyImages-534573675-150×100 jpg 150w, https://1v1d1e1lmiki1lgcvx32p49h8fe-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/1532975497-GettyImages-534573675-300×200.jpg 300w, https: //1v1d1e1lmiki1lgcvx32p49h8fe-wpengine.netdna-ssl. com / wp-content / uploads / 2018/07/1532975497-GettyImages-534573675-768×511.jpg 768w, https: //1v1d1e1lmiki1lgcvx32p49h8fe-wpengine.netdna-ssl. com / wp-content / uploads / 2018/07/1532975497-GettyImages-534573675-960×640.jpg 960w, https://1v1d1e1lmiki1lgcvx32p49h8fe-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/1532975497-GettyImages -534573675-630×420.jpg 630w, https://1v1d1e1lmiki1lgcvx32p49h8fe-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/1532975497-GettyImages-534573675-330×220.jpg 330w, https: // 1v1d1e1lmiki1lgcvx32p49h8fe-wpengine .netdna-ssl.com / wp-content / uploads / 2018/07/1532975497-GettyImages-534573675-165×110.jpg 165w, https://1v1d1e1lmiki1lgcvx32p49h8fe-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/ 07/1532975497-GettyImages-534573675-48×32.jpg 48w, https://1v1d1e1lmiki1lgcvx32p49h8fe-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/1532975497-GettyImages-534573675-680×453.jpg 680w, https: //1v1d1e1lmiki1lgcvx32p49h8fe-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/1532975497-GettyImages-534573675.jpg 1200w "sizes =" (max-width: 582px) 100vw, 582px "/>

Both bades spend more time looking after children and parents with disabilities or older people, but there is still a gap between men (5.4 hours) and women (11.3 hours).

Stagnation of disposable income

The HILDA study also shows that men spend more time on employment (on average 35.9 hours per week in 2016) than women (24.9 hours).

Among married couples with children, 29% about 65% of housework and care.

But while wages have naturally risen, the typical Australian household has not seen a significant rise in real after-tax income since 2009.

The median household had disposable income of $ 79,160 in 2009 , while the last year of available HILDA data puts the median income was $ 79,244.

A good news is that real incomes are adjusted to offset the effects of inflation – increased by 1.8 percent One of the factors that has contributed to the stagnation of household incomes was the increasing prevalence of part-time work and underemployment.

According to the report, Australia has escaped the worst immediate effects of the global financial crisis. "From 2001 to 2008, participation in employment has increased and unemployment has fallen," he added.

"Since then, the labor market has been relatively flat, with the proportions of employed men and women still below their peaks in 2008 and the proportions of unemployed remain above the 2008 low."

The employment trend was particularly marked for men aged 18 to 64 years. Between 1965 and 2003, the full-time employment rate for men rose from 73.3% in 2008 to 67% in 2016, while full-time employment for women aged 18 to 64 years slightly down from the peak of almost 40% recorded before 2008

– with the agencies