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Belarusians can independently calculate their future pension on the social welfare website on the online calculator. The calculations will be approximate, but they will help you determine what payments will be made on a well-deserved vacation. FINANCE.TUT.BY looked, if a great race for representatives of different professions. We also counted how many Belarussians, on average, are transferred to the FSZ for their working lives, how much are paid by their pensions and how much they could save for a deserved rest, if they postpone the deductions that are now sent to the FSZ. fund
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The former Minister of the Economy of Belarus, honorary chairman of the Union of Entrepreneurs and Employers named Professor Kunyavsky George, stresses the # 39, imperfection of the pension system in Belarus. Baday .
– We have equalized pensions. Those who received 100 conditional rubles and, perhaps, 10 times more worked and paid taxes 10 times more, receive approximately the same pension. This is a big disadvantage of our pension system, "said the ex-minister.-The problem is that there are no incentives.Why should I then try to work and invest more in the pension system, if the pension does not increase much of that. "Equalization deprives motivation to work
According to George Badeya, it is necessary to" drastically change "the pension system in Belarus
– Do not correct, but change fundamentally.So refuse to equalize, we must differentiate payments, – said the ex-minister. 2013, our union developed and prepared its pension reform concept, which also mandated the possible introduction of a funded system.The proposals were pbaded not only to the Ministry of Labor, but also to the Council. National Office of Social Affairs and Labor, where are represented s representatives of the government, employers and unions.
At the same time, the ex-minister points out that there is no ideal retirement system.
How much the bankers' pension is higher than that of agrarians
To see how pensions differ in Belarus, we calculate for the online calculator payments for representatives of different professions: programmer, cultural worker, agrarian, administrator state, banker and The second important indicator for calculating pensions is the ratio of individual earnings. To calculate the monthly coefficient, the employee's salary is levied before the payment of the tax (that is to say "dirty") and divided by the average salary in the country during of the same month
To make a rough calculation, we took the average salary of May 944 rubles and salaries of representatives of a particular area of activity. Imagine that the last 24 years before retirement (such a period is now taken to calculate the pension), the wages of these workers were about the same as the average of the country.
A minimum wage worker will have a pension of 217 rubles, crop – 233 rubles, agrarians – 271 rubles, state administrators – 345 rubles, bankers – 365 rubles. These payments will be for not working on the well deserved rest of Belarusians (if the work experience for a woman is 33, for a man – 38 years old). Those who continue to work on a well-deserved rest, the pensions will be lower.
Interesting situation with programmers' pensions. Thus, companies that are members of the HTP pay contributions from the FPZN not with all the salaries of their employees, but only with the average of the country. The wages paid to these workers are calculated on the basis of the average salary, the ratio of individual earnings is 1.
The budget of the federal tax services does not receive a significant amount of money because of the advantages granted to the workers. resident companies of the PHT. ] For example, in May, the average salary of computer workers was 3717 rubles. If programmers paid their contributions to the Federal Tax Service on all incomes, not just on the national average, the ratio of individual earnings would be about 4. In this case, the pension of the unemployed would be the same. Order of 466 rubles .
By the way, programmers who do not work in HTP resident companies, the ratio of salary and future pension is about 9%. For those who receive a minimum wage, about 71%.
How much money for a lifetime do they contribute to FSZN, and how much do they return to retirement?
An employee pays 1% of his salary to the FSZN, 34% the fees paid by the employer (28% of the employee's salary for pension insurance and 6% for the employer). Social insurance). If you take the average salary of May 944 rubles before taxes, then with a working record of a 38-year-old man, will run about 125 thousand rubles, and with the work experience of a woman in 33 years will be about 108 thousand rubles. This is directly the amount that goes to the pension insurance, without taking into account the deductions for social insurance.
At the same time, Belarussians receive much lower pensions than they contribute to FSZN.
In 2017 life expectancy in Belarus was 74, 4 years old: men – 69.3 years old and women – 79.2 years old. Let's take this data as initial data. This year, after a new increase in the retirement age, men will rest in 61 years, and women, 56 years. Recall that age-related pension entitlements are generally the same for men with at least 25 years of work experience, with women having at least 20 years of work experience at work. the age of retirement. 3 years, and women – 23.2 years.
The average amount of pensions in Belarus in May was 341 rubles. If doing rough and rough calculations, men for 8.3 years can get about 34 thousand rubles, and women for 23.2 years – about 95 thousand rubles
In other words, the average Belarusian "will give" to the State about 91 thousand rubles, and a woman – about 13 thousand rubles.
Is there an exit? How much money would Belarusians save for the pension if they paid their dues as a private entrepreneur?
Individual entrepreneurs pay special contributions to FSZN. The minimum amount that entrepreneurs must pay to the fund is 35% of minimum wage – 29% for pension insurance + 6% for social insurance. For example, for the year 2017 – 1113 rubles (or 92.75 rubles per month). To calculate last year, the minimum wage of 265 rubles is taken (from 1 January this year, it rose to 305 rubles)
At the same time, IPs can collect more than 35% of the minimum wage. The amount with which to make contributions, in this case, they determine independently, according to their income. However, the majority of NPs – about 95% – make contributions to the FPP on the lower base.
Imagine that all Belarussians were allowed to make pensions and social security contributions on the same basis as individual entrepreneurs. Pay contributions to the Federal Tax Service with a minimum wage, and invest the remaining funds, for example, in the insurance for an additional pension.
So, now, with an average salary of pension contributions, about 274 rubles. PI will deduct from the minimum wage of 305 rubles for the pension of nearly 89 rubles. If all Belarussians were allowed to make minimum wage contributions, then an employee with an average salary would be paid 185 rubles a month.
If these additional funds are transferred to an account opened in an insurance company for an additional pension a pension for a man is a little more than 1400 rubles a month (with deduction for insurance during 38 years), and at women – about 1080 rubles (with deduction for 33 years).
What increase can be obtained pensions, if you save 100 rubles a month?
considered several basic options available for Belarussians, how to save yourself for an additional pension. This is an insurance contract, a bank deposit, as well as investments in real estate – residential or commercial.
We have calculated what an increase in pensions can be achieved if we save 100 rubles each month for 10, 20 and 30 years, or about a tenth of the "precious" thousand rubles. At the same time, three options were identified: how to save and increase money set aside to age:
- constantly replenish the bank deposit, then live from the accumulated money
- to issue a pension insurance and receive monthly payments from the insurance company after retirement
- to collect money on a bank deposit, and before retiring to buy them an apartment and live at the expense of the rental.
Let's talk straight away: our calculations are of a referential nature, they are estimated. We show the possible options for registering for an additional pension and giving rough calculations. For example, in the calculations, we did not take into account inflation, price fluctuations in the real estate market and other factors.
And for bank deposits, we used the average irrevocable deposit rate in April for individuals. . In other words, in a given bank, this rate can be considerably higher.
The calculations we give in the infographic below reflect the fact that after retirement, a man will divide his savings for 15 years, a woman … for 20 years.
At the same time, if you save 100 rubles in an apartment at the current price level, you will not be able to accumulate for 10 years on the coveted square meters. Therefore, for this option, we have made calculations only for 20 years (during this time it will be possible to collect for a one-room apartment in Gomel) and for 30 years ("odnushka" in Minsk). Plus this option – you always have the apartment itself.
With our calculations it turned out that one of the most cash-saving options for a second pension is to invest in real estate. In this case, the average pension, which is now slightly below 350 rubles, will be a monthly increase, according to rough estimates, of 500 rubles.
But the disadvantage with the real estate option is to start as soon as possible enough money to buy an apartment. In this case, do not forget that with this option you have to spend time looking for renters, investing in repairs. "The cost of the repair can negatively affect the average yield of the property for a longer period of time," notes the financial badyst of BusinessForecast.by Research Group Alexander Mukha .
– When investing in real estate, and how you will operate. The point is that – why not. We decided to buy apartments. And why not look in the direction of commercial real estate? – says financial badyst Alexander Mukha. – Any non-residential premises. Let it be smaller in the area, but the threshold of entry is lower than the purchase of an apartment. After all, the offices are of different sizes. It is not excluded that investment in commercial real estate can ensure a longer horizon more profitability than bank deposits. At the same time, you have the property itself, and if it is located in a good location, then it has good liquidity in the secondary market, if necessary, it can be sold, while the yield can be even more high
"It is important to count not only on the state pension"
Alexander Mukha notes that it will not prevent diversifying the structure of the pension portfolio from the beginning of the year. investment – that is, investing money in several directions. This must be done both in terms of major currencies and in the context of individual investment instruments in order to achieve the optimal ratio of reliability and return on investment.
– Do not put all eggs in one basket. – Carefully and carefully approach your income. I want to live somewhere on a wide footing. Part of the funds should be deferred from the income received and distributed to these instruments. At the exit, in addition to the basic pension, have a return on investment, not be transcendental, but coincide with payments from the state, but retirees will have more opportunities to buy drugs, to use medical services and to buy better products.
The expert believes that it is not necessary to carry forward some of the money from the beginning of the work activity and try to try them out. manage competently so that there is an attractive return with an adequate level of risk.
At the same time, The second system badumes an individual savings account, these funds can be inherited. It would be more motivating for citizens to build up retirement savings, which would be a good retirement aid, "notes the financial badyst.-It is important for Belarussians to not only rely on a pension from the pensioner. State provided by the current legislation, but also to build a portfolio of investment for life, so that when you retire, perhaps even earlier, According to Alexander Mukha, among other things, when reform of the system, "it is important to introduce non-state pension funds into the market, so that companies that manage the retirement savings of citizens provide The size of the pension is calculated conditionally, to from the parameters entered on the experience, the individual pay coefficient.In pbading, these pension calculators also work in Russia and Ukraine
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