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In the 86th year of his life the Russian and Soviet writer, author of books on the soldier Ivan Chonkin and "Moscow 2042" Vladimir Voinovich, died.
In the autumn of 1960, the USSR needed a "space" song. Before the remarkable flight of Yuri Gagarin it remained more than half a year; the satellites, of course, have already flown with power and hand, and the superpowers have tried to be the first in this space race, but the order of the eminent poets has not aroused the ;enthusiasm. The composer Oscar Feltsman corrected it, the Gagarin flight followed, other astronauts flew into space in his tracks – and the lines on the "caravans of missiles "were cited Nikita Khrushchev and Andriyan Nikolaev and Pavel Popovich directly into the space with a duet sung on the tracks that will remain on the paths dusty planets far away.
The author of the poems called Vladimir Voinovich and at the time he was only thirty years old. He was not badociated with the cosmos, he was born in 1932 in the city of Stalinabad (today Dushanbe), where he lived several years – his parents worked in the republican newspaper Kommunist of Tajikistan, even after the arrest of his father. Fortunately, they did not shoot; he served five years, in 1941 moved with his family to relatives in Ukraine, went to the front, was seriously injured and remained disabled. Vladimir Voinovich served four years in the army, then came to Moscow, tried to enter the literary Institute – he began to write poems still in the service – he did not spend much time on the story of Vladimir and his mother. teacher, somehow was on a virgin land, again returned to Moscow. He settled on the radio and then wrote on "Spatial Maps" and became a recognized poet and writer.
This story is probably more suited to the incarnation of the American dream – a day to wake up famous. But in the USSR, social elevators worked almost perfectly. Voinovich was admitted to the Union of Writers, he began publishing in thick literary journals. His recognition – at least among his colleagues – is also evidenced by the fact that he became one of the authors of the collective novel "Laughing Laughs" – with Valentin Kataev, Vasily Aksenov and Fazil Iskander. [19659005] This will probably continue, but in the late 1960s, Voinovich joined the human rights movement; by his confession, he did so during the trial of Sinyavsky and by Daniel . He had difficulties with the publications, he was expelled from the writers' union, and then the KGB officers poisoned him (in an interview he said that according to the order of Boris Yeltsin he was confirmed the fact of the attempt). Voinovich's monumental novel "The Life and Extraordinary Adventures of Private Ivan Chonkin", which he wrote for more than a decade, was of no use to anyone in the USSR – and was eventually published In Occident.
And it is no wonder that in 1980, Voinovich – They were simply expelled from the USSR, and then deprived of Soviet citizenship – for "ideological incompatibility".
"Now they are not joking about jokes.Now humanity, more than three years do not give.Trust gives us.And we abuse it," he wrote bitterly when he was already in exile in the vaudeville "Fictional Marriage."
And in an open letter to Brezhnev in 1981, just after the decree on the deprivation of citizenship, Voinovich wrote that his work was "unjustly valued." top. "[19659011"IdidnotunderminetheprestigeoftheSovietstateTheSovietstatethankstotheeffortsofitsleadersandyourpersonalcontributionhasnoprestige"inallfairnessyoushoulddepriveyourselfofcitizenshipofyourself"saidtheauthor
As the director Yuri Lyubimov, emigration of Voinovich n & # It did not last long, Perestroika came, completely different times, books have com began to appear in the USSR – the first was "Chonkin", then the turn of the prophetic dystopia "Moscow 2042" came, in the theaters put the play "The cat of the house of medium fluffiness", written by him co-authored with Grigory Gorin. In 1990, citizenship was returned, and in 2000 they even gave the State Prize – formally for the novel "Monumental Propaganda", in fact – to be himself, despite all the lawsuits.
Voinovich did not really change. He was himself when he protested against the persecution of dissidents in the sixties, and when he tried to reach an agreement with the authorities on his publication in the Soviet Union in the 1970s, and when he resumed citizenship from the USSR. And much later, when he received the State Prize, when he criticized the actions of the already Russian authorities, it was all him, the same Voinovich, who wrote with all his heart in the 60th :
"I believe, friends, missile caravans
Pray us from the front to the star.
On the dusty paths of distant planets
Our tracks will stay. "
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