How Khatyn became a memorial to the victims of the war



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This year marks the 75th anniversary of Khatyn's destruction. The history of this Belarussian village has been told by the press more than once. But the best way to live the events of this day is to be on the site of the ancient village. The memory of the commemorative complex of Khatyn is in the current issue of the project " Museums of Belarus with BELKART ".

  Photo: wikipedia.org "border =" 0 "data-x-height =" 800 "data-x-src =" https://img.tyt.by/n/regiony/09/0/wikipedia. org_1_khatyn_20180713.jpg "data-x-width =" 1200 "data-y-height =" 480 data-y-src = "https://img.tyt.by/720x720s/n/regiony/09/0/wikipedia. org_1_khatyn_20180713.jpg "data-y-width =" 720 "data-zoom =" 1 "height =" 480 "hspace =" 0 "src =" https://img.tyt.by/720x720s/n/regiony/09 /0/wikipedia.org_1_khatyn_20180713.jpg "title =" Photo: wikipedia.org "vspace =" 0 "width =" 720 "/>

 
<figcaption> Photo: wikipedia.org </figcaption></figure>
<h2>  Half of the dead were 16 years old </h2>
<p>  All happened on March 22, 1943. On the eve of the night in Khatyn, the guerrillas stopped to spend the night. night. In the morning, they approached the highway, cut the line of communication and organized an ambush. At around 11 am, the cars of the German signalmen appeared on the road accompanied by police officers. A battle ensued, in which several police officers and the commander of the 118th Battalion, Hauptmann Hans Wielke, 1936 Olympic Games champion, were killed. </p>
<p>  The 118th Police Battalion and SS Battalion Companies executed a punitive operation at Khatyn Dirlewanger. All the villagers were taken to the hangar. In the locked wooden building were whole families: Joseph and Anna Baranovsky with nine children, Kazimir and Elena Iotko and their seven children. The grandson of Vera Yaskevich Tolia had only seven weeks. </p>
<figure clbad=  Photo: bestbelarus.by "border =" 0 "data-x-height =" 730 "data-x-src =" https://img.tyt.by/ n / regiony / 0c / 7 / bestbelarus. by_khatyn_20180713.jpg "data-x-width =" 1170 "data-height =" 449 "data-y-src =" https://img.tyt.by/720x720s / n / regiony / 0c / 7 / bestbelarus .by_khatyn_20180713.jpg "data-y-width =" 720 "zoom-data =" 1 "height =" 449 "hspace =" 0 "src =" https: // img. tyt.by/720x720s/n/regiony/0c/7/bestbelarus.by_khatyn_20180713.jpg "title =" Photo: bestbelarus.by "vspace =" 0 "width =" 720 "/>

 
<figcaption> Photo: bestbelarus.by </figcaption></figure>
<p>  The barn was surrounded by straw, watered with gasoline and burned. The thatched roof burst in an instant. In the smoke, the villagers began to suffocate. Only a cry was heard. The doors of the crowded barn could not stand: they collapsed. Adults and children began to miss, hoping to escape. The Nazis fired on them with machine guns and machine guns. </p>
<p>  The village was burned. 149 people were killed. 75 of them were not yet 16 years old. </p>
<p>  It seems incredible, but that day, many people managed to survive. Three children, Sasha Zhelobkovich, Sonia and Volodia Yaskevich, managed to escape before the start of the punitive operation. </p>
<p>  Two boys survived, who came out of the hangar on fire. Vitya Zhelobkovich, aged seven, is covered with a fatally injured mother. He lay under his cooling body until the Nazis left Khatyn. Twelve years old, Anton Baranovsky was shot. Punishers took the boy for the dead and did not finish. The exhausted children were picked up by people from nearby villages. After the war, the boys were sent to an orphanage in Pleschenitsy. </p>
<figure clbad=  Photo: lovesun.by "border =" 0 "data-x-height =" 853 "data-x-src =" https://img.tyt.by/ n / regiony / 0e / 0 / lovesun. by_khatyn_20180713.jpg "data-x-width =" 1280 "data-y-height =" 479 "data-y-src =" https://img.tyt.by/720x720s / n / regiony / 0e / 0 / lovesun .by_khatyn_20180713.jpg "data-y-width =" 720 "zoom-data =" 1 "height =" 479 "hspace =" 0 "src =" https: // img. tyt.by/720x720s/n/regiony/0e/0/lovesun.by_khatyn_20180713.jpg "title =" Photo: lovesun.by "vspace =" 0 "width =" 720 "/>

 
<figcaption> Photo: lovesun.by </figcaption></figure>
<p>  Of the adults, only the blacksmith Joseph Kaminsky survived, then 56 years old. The charred man regained consciousness at night. Among the wounded Khatyns, he found his son. But it was no longer possible to save him: the boy died with his father in his arms. </p>
<h2>  Obelisk and Doorbell </h2>
<p>  Khatyn was not the only village burned by locals during the war. Such fate has hit thousands of Belarusian colonies. In 1969, a memorial complex was opened. </p>
<p>  A creative team of architects Valentin Zankovich, Yuri Gradov, Leonid Levin and the sculptor Sergei Selikhanov won the contest for the creation of the project. </p>
<p>  "We found wreaths on the site of the old houses, obelisks in the form of chimneys, but something was missing. A grbady field, witness to the tragedy, kept a dead silence. Suddenly, in this painful silence, the lark began to sing. The sound, there must be a sound! "- Leonid Levin recalled, how was born the idea of ​​the project.The sound was given by the bells that were placed on the obelisks. </p>
<p>  According to the authors' idea, the memorial complex recalls an ancient village.In the center is a six-meter sculpture of the unconquered man, who carries the deceased child in his arms.The prototype was the same blacksmith who survived the punitive operation </p>
<p>  Nearby – monumental plaques that symbolize the roof of a burned shed.The mound to the left of the sculpture is a common grave.On it stands the Crown of Memory, where the symbolic address dead villagers is written to ask us to keep the peace on earth. </p>
<figure clbad=  Photo: wikipedia.org
Photo: wikipedia.org

On the site of each of the 26 houses that were here before the war, you can see the first crown of a log house and a small Every half-minute on the obelisks that rise in the middle of the houses, the bells ring at the same time. And on the plates that are on the obelisks, the names of the residents of the house who died on the day of the tragedy are indicated. Near the names of children written age – 15 years, 7, 6, 2 …

After the Great Patriotic War, 186 villages disappeared from the map of Belarus. In memory of them, a "village cemetery" was created in the memorial complex. On the "gravestones" are the names of the settlements that are no longer present: Stounzhevo, Zaleschino, Markovo … The land is kept in the urns of burnt villages.

One can see a list of reconstructed postwar Belarusian villages on the trees of life

Khatyn also created the "Wall of Remembrance", which tells the story of 260 death camps and places of mbad destruction. Just so many of them were created during the war on the territory of our country. The fact that in those years a fourth inhabitant of Belarus dies, three birches resemble, instead of the fourth, the burns of the eternal flame.

An exhibition of photographic documentaries operates on the territory of the memorial. The collected documents tell of the beginning of the Second World War, the tragedies of Khatyn, Trostenz and Ozarich, and the creation of an outdoor memorial.

Khatyn is visited annually by hundreds of thousands of people from over thirty countries. Most visitors come from CIS countries and from abroad.

  Photo: byekskyrsii.by "border =" 0 "data-x-height =" 1500 "data-x-src =" https://img.tyt.by/ n / regiony / 01/0 / byekskyrsii. by_khatyn_20180713.jpg "data-x-width =" 2000 "data-height =" 540 "data-y-src =" https://img.tyt.by/720x720s / n / regiony / 01/0 / byekskyrsii .by_khatyn_20180713.jpg "data-y-width =" 720 "zoom-data =" 1 "height =" 540 "hspace =" 0 "src =" https: // img. tyt.by/720x720s/n/regiony/01/0/byekskyrsii.by_khatyn_20180713.jpg "title =" Photo: byekskyrsii.by "vspace =" 0 "width =" 720 "/>

 
<figcaption> Photo: byekskyrsii.by </figcaption></figure>
<p>  <strong> The address of the memorial: </strong> Minsk region, Logoisk district. <br />
<strong>  Free visit. <br />
The cost of the tour </strong>: from 5 to 16 rubles per group. Excursions are carried out from 10:00 to 15:30 by appointment (+375 17 745-57-87) every day except Monday </p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>  Project reference </strong></p>
<p>  The organizer of the project "Museums of Belarus with BELKART "is the national payment system BELKART .BY and the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Belarus. The project is social and created to promote museum activity in the Republic of Belarus. Its main task is to inform the public about the national and cultural heritage of the country </p>
</blockquote>
<p>  All materials of the project "Museums of Belarus with BELKART" </p>
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