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Belarussians are leaving more and more to work abroad. If in 2014, outside the country, according to official statistics, 62.2 thousand people were working in the past – nearly 21 thousand more. In fact, according to experts, these numbers can be much higher. This is recognized by the authorities themselves, they intend to embark on a "tangible work migration". Meanwhile, some countries have actively joined the struggle for Belarusian workers. FINANCE.TUT.BY has understood how labor migration threatens our economy, what consequences can lead to staff exodus and what is the actual number of migrants.
– According to expert estimates, Russia employs between 100 and 150 thousand people. Some even estimate this figure at 500 thousand people, – says Anastasia Bobrova head of the Department of Human Development and Demography of the National Academy of Sciences Economics Institute, candidate of the economics . – But here the question is how to take into account migrant workers: look only at the register of the migration service of Russia; take into account those who left 10 years ago for a neighboring country and who sometimes come to their country of origin. But in any case, the figure of 500 thousand people is exaggerated, in my opinion. Belarussians do not have any sense to work illegally in Russia
– In Russia, the actual number of temporary workers can represent 200,000 or more Belarusians annually, – the academic director of the EAST research center (Warsaw) Andrey Eliseev . ] The Head of the Representation Office of the International Organization for Migration in the Republic of Belarus Zeynal Hajiyev also spoke of the problem of enumeration of migrant workers: the number of Belarussians who went to work in the country. Foreign can be dozens of times more than recording official statistics.
– The statistics are officially recorded. In fact, it is not so easy for migrant workers to register in the country of exodus. To do this, migrants must come and register officially, which, as practice shows, is not always done. Zeynal Hajiyev explained: "It is necessary to refer to the statistics of the host country – while the data on the Belarusians who go to work in Russia in the first half show that the number of migrants compared to the same period l & rsquo; Last year has changed slightly. Although the number of migrants has increased in 2017 compared to last year.
According to Anastasia Bobrova, "The number of migrant workers from Russia has decreased significantly in Russia, because the economic situation in Belarus has improved, they are looking for a more job here." [19659005] Anastasia Bobrova notes that Belarusians working in Russia contribute to the formation of the Russian pension fund. "In most cases, our compatriots are returning to their homeland.As a result, the workload on the Social Security Fund is increasing," says Anastasia Bobrova.According to the expert, "people vote with their feet According to the Ministry of Labor and Migration of the Ministry of the Interior, in the first half of 2018, 2676 Belorussians went to work in Russia and for the whole of 2017 – 6160.
"In the years to come, women's migration to Poland will increase "
Poland ranks second in terms of the number of guest workers from Belarus, which has considerably simplified the employment rules for foreign workers , including for the migrant workers of our country.
The Poles also plan to allow certain migrant workers, including from Belarus, based in the country on a residence permit and a residence permit. one year after the residence to transport parents. They will also be able to work legally in Poland. – The sharp increase in the migration of Belorussians to Poland, both temporary work and the change of permanent residence, is the most important trend of the last three years on the labor market of Belarus, Eliseev. – In fact, in recent years, this is a record case of such an increase in labor migration (not in absolute but relative terms) in a country of Central and Eastern Europe. In absolute terms, the number of Ukrainian migrant workers in Poland is much higher than that of Belarussians, but the growth dynamics of Belarusian labor migration over the last three years is much more impressive.
According to the badyst, the statistics reveal a fairly significant reorientation of some Belarusian migrant workers. from the Russian labor market to Polish. "
– If we take the number of invitations for Belarusian migrant workers from Polish employers, then it has increased over the last four years If in 2014 their number has slightly exceeded 4 thousand, then in 2017 – by of 60 thousand (for comparison: in 2015 this figure was 5599 people, and in 2016 – 23 400).
The expert believes that "tens of thousands of Belarusians who worked in Poland l & # 39; 39, last year have not been counted. "
– In addition to the holders of working visas, some Polish card holders (and their number exceeded 100,000 last year) are also involved in Polish labor relations, Andrey Eliseev
According to him, the interest of Belarusians for the Polish labor market is conditioned, inter alia, by the devaluation In addition to a mechanism like the Polish card , Poland had a regi Simplified employment for Belarusians for many years (and also for Ukrainians, Russians, Moldavians, Georgians and Armenians). In 1965, the Byelorussians found themselves on the Russian labor market
Andrey Yeliseyev draws attention to the fact that in research systems "Poland has already surpbaded the popularity of Russia in number of applications for work abroad ".
At the same time, men are more likely than women to go to work in Poland
– Until now, the temporary migration of Belarusian labor force to Poland is mainly male, only 15% of Polish job offers are addressed to women. The portrait of a typical Belarusian migrant in Poland is a man of 26-40 years old who works in construction or a transport worker in the metropolitan area, Gdansk or Poznan and their surroundings. Probably, in the next few years, the migration of women to Poland will also increase, – says Andrei Eliseev.
According to the Ministry of Labor and Migration of the Ministry of the Interior, in the first half of 2018 1624 Belarusians went to work in Poland. – 2978 people.
Belarusian drivers and builders are in great demand in Lithuania
The third country in popularity among Belorussians for labor migration is Lithuania. In this country, since 1 January of last year, amendments have been adopted, according to which foreigners with rare jobs in the Lithuanian labor market are not required to obtain a work permit [19659025]. in the Republic of Lithuania, including in educational institutions as part of a vocational training program, intend to work according to qualifications acquired, as well as foreigners who are sent on a temporary basis For example, in the first half of this year: drivers of international freight vehicles, welders, metal hull collectors, metalworking machine operators, seamstresses and 10 construction trades (mason, concrete mixer, fitter metal frame, plasterer, tiler, etc.].
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