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Open science (open science or open research for English speakers) is a movement to make scientific research, data and its dissemination accessible (at all levels of a learning society).
For this, open science relies heavily on the use of the open Internet, open data, collaborative work tools (including Wikipdia and Wikiversit or Wikispecies are part), e-learning and the social web to make scientific research and its data accessible to all (amateurs and professionals). Because it is pro-actively open, it can also promote the multidisciplinary nature of research and possibly a multilingual character by considering science and data as a common good.
Open Science aims to bring research out of funds. of the confines framework of firm databases. It reduces duplication in the collection, creation, transfer and reuse of scientific materials. It thus increases the efficiency of research.
Open science also promotes scientific advances, especially unexpected advances, as well as innovation, economic and social progress in France, developed countries and developing countries. Finally, open science is a lever for scientific integrity and promotes citizen confidence in science. It is a scientific progress and a progress of society.
The Context
For years, the historical system of publication of research results has been criticized by institutions whose budgets are decreasing while research is on the increase. As a predictable consequence, research libraries are increasingly struggling to provide relevant resources to their students.
the origin of these difficulties, according to the professionals, access tariffs become prohibitive on the side of the big publishers of scientific articles, which manage historical reviews in different sectors. And a system of editorial that seems wobbly for a number including within the community of researchers. Indeed, the publishers of these journals rely on researchers to make corrections, usually with less or no remuneration.
Finally, especially in the field of public research, it appears counter-productive, for some researchers, to publish the results of research funded by public money in a private journal that will charge for access. Amongst these historical publishers, such as Elsevier, Springer or Macmillan, most have implemented open access formulas, which many consider too expensive or too restrictive. For their part, these editors emphasize the added value of their journals, as well as the credibility of the results published on their pages.
It is in this context that the Minister of Higher Education, Research and Innovation Vidal announced the national plan for open science on the occasion of the annual congress of the LIgue of European Research Libraries (LIBER), Lille organized from 4 to 6 July. According to her, only the richest universities in the world and the industrial groups profit from the current state of affairs, and from the inflation of the prices of scientific journals. While false news is very easily accessible, scientific publications are protected behind pages that are so many barriers to access to knowledge. It takes ten minutes to invent and spread a false news, crisp, thundering and easy to understand. But it takes ten years to produce a scientific demonstration bringing a quality scientific information, added Frdrique Vidal, welcoming in pbading the encyclopedia free and open Wikipdia.
With this Plan, France adopts a policy for open science ambitious, which is fully in line with the international commitments it has made under the Open Government Partnership (OGP), an initiative involving 70 countries aimed at developing transparency in public action. This national plan also responds to the Amsterdam European call for Action on Open Science. France is thus adopting a policy that extends and amplifies the European Union's efforts in this area.
This plan is divided into three axes:
First Axis: Generating Open Access to Publications
The Opening of Scientific Publications Must Become Standard Practice as Fast as possible. To initiate this dynamic, publications resulting from research funded by public projects call for projects will be made available in open access, whether by publication in journals or books natively open access, or by filing in a public open archive such as HAL
These practices are part of the process of making the evaluation system of researchers and institutions evolve in line with the principles and practices of open science. This evolution of the evaluation of researchers will aim to reduce the quantitative dimension in favor of a more qualitative evaluation, in the spirit of the San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment (DORA) as well as the Leiden Manifesto for the measurement of research, and relying in particular on open quotes, in the continuity of the efforts of the Initiative for Open Quotations (I4OC).
In general, the scientific community must regain control of the editorial system, in the spirit of the Call de Jussieu for open science and bibliodiversity. It must converge its efforts towards virtuous actors who develop a less concentrated editorial environment, obeying the principles of open and ethical access, notably in terms of transparency, governance and intellectual property.
Three measures are envisaged here: [19659016] Make the publication in open access of the articles and books from research funded by public tender open to tender
Second axis: structuring and opening the data of the research
Lambition which was va vque is to make that the data produced by the French public research are progressively structures in accordance with the FAIR principles (Easy Find, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable), and, when pos open. During the announcement of the artificial intelligence plan at the Collge de France, on March 29, 2018, the President of the Republic announced the implementation of a principle of opening by default for all data published in the framework of calls for projects on public funds. This obligation will be limited by the legitimate exceptions provided by law, for example as regards professional secrecy, industrial and commercial secrets, personal data or content protected by copyright. It will also be framed by the good practices defined by each scientific community, for example to define hard dembargo.
On the other hand, the Minister of Higher Education, Research and Innovation will appoint a Research Data Administrator. He will work with France's Chief Data Officer and will lead a network of research data administrators in the institutions concerned. A flash call from lANR will help structure the scientific community to promote the FAIR principles and to develop the opening of the data. As a general rule, data processing expenses will be eligible for project appeals.
The following measures are envisaged:
- Making the open dissemination of research data from programs financed by project calls on public funds compulsory
- ] Creating the function of administrator of the data and the network badociated with the institutions
- Creating the conditions and promoting the adoption of an open data policy badociated with the articles published by the researchers
Third axis: to be part of a sustainable dynamic, european and international
The success of open science implies the development of new daily practices for researchers. This requires the definition of new skills, the development of new training and the adoption of new services. The Open Science Committee, which brings together more than 200 experts in the field, will work on defining the new skills needed. The first efforts will be directed towards the doctoral schools, which constitutes the right level and the right moment in the researcher's path to set up adapted training courses.
An open science label will be awarded to doctoral schools that will offer a training program adapted to the objectives described in this Plan. In addition, in order to develop a training offer dedicated to data skills as well as open science in general, a call for events will fund proposals and discussions on these topics.
To amplify the plan and deploy it on the territory, all research operators are invited to develop an open science policy within them.
The evolution of the ecosystem of science will not be possible without transparency: it is therefore important to open the data sets concerning the financing of project calls and their laurels, but also the expenditure of acquisition of journals and books by institutions [19659002] Measures:
- Develop skills in open science, especially in doctoral schools
- Engage research operators in an open science policy
- Contribute actively to European structuring in the European Open Science Cloud and Participation GO FAIR
The Related
An Open Science Fund will be established to ensure diversity and, arguably, to support initiatives that support reinvestment of the control of the editorial system by the scientific community. The HAL open archives will be further supported to facilitate their use both for publication and for consultation.
A Chief Data Officer position with the Minister of Higher Education, Research and Innovation will be created with for the purpose of coordinating public action in the field of scientific data, in order to optimize their structuring, conservation and circulation.
Finally, a specific open science training will be partly financed by the Minister of Higher Education, who also encourages research institutes adopt a policy of opening up the results of research
The Minister of Higher Education's Open Science Plan has, for its first year, $ 5.4 million and then , 4 million the following years. With this, France aims to be at the head of innovation for science open to the European level, alongside Germany and the Netherlands, and thus encourage other countries to do the same
Thanks Club
The Club Developpez currently offers more than 14,000 books, courses, articles and tutorials freely available, all without subsidy. This would not have been possible without the participation of volunteer writers. Once again, thank you all for your participation 
Source: enclosed drawing (in PDF format)
And you?
What do you think of this plan?
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