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There is a dynamic relationship in which, aggravated or fueled by external circumstances, aspects of the personality are played out with harmful and sometimes tragic consequences.
Many people live broken lives, as a result of acts of intimidation committed early in their lives, that they have not, for various reasons, treated or worked on. As many authors have pointed out, different African cultures do not report psychological conditions or are treated in a healthy way. Their discussion is generally considered weak, "matepe".
This provision is rejected as an African and the ensuing stigma makes it quite difficult for most of them to deal with the problems that affect them psychologically. Intimidation in children and young people can not be separated from broader social, cultural and political circumstances.
From a stressed mother who pulls her child out of a store toy "ke tlaa go betsa ka mpama ga o ka tshwara box eo"; domestic rank, work relations; clbad structures, racism, tribalism and badism. This therefore extends to any form of oppression in which, by means of power, violence, cruelty or perversity, one side persecutes another, whether in a group or individually.
How do we understand the ills of the human heart and what types of factors make an individual vulnerable to the recovery of his impulses, whether it is the perpetrator or the victim, and what is wrong? another to contain and resist? This article aims to understand this question.
From the point of view of human rights and legislation, in intimidation, the safety and well-being of the victim are threatened in a way that violates their rights under the Convention on the Rights of the Child United Nations. Botswana does not have legislation against intimidation. In fact, when drafting the Children's Act, where this law would normally be adopted, the opportunity to read categorically the provisions of the Convention on Human Rights with regard to intimidation , was missed. Bullying, however, is a human rights concern that affects different areas of an individual's life.
Article 19 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child states that "the Parties shall take all appropriate legislative, administrative, social and educational measures to protect the child from all forms of violence, harm and or physical or mental abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, abuse or exploitation, including badual abuse, in the custody of a parent, legal guardian or any other person having custody of the child. "For children and adolescents, schools are usually the place of intimidation, and this sometimes violates the basic right of the victim to access education. .
The UDHR states in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights that "education must be directed to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms". According to Article 2 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the rights of the child guarantee the protection of, "All forms of discrimination or
punishment based on the status, activities, opinions expressed or beliefs of the parents, legal guardians or family members of the child ".
It often happens that during adolescence, early vulnerabilities and weaknesses are stirred up and need to be managed again. During adolescence, pressures for compliance and individuation are often the most complex. Identity anxiety arouses an acute intolerance of difference, whether in itself or in the other – the germ of group identity when the common goal becomes that of cruelty that strengthens the ego at the expense of others.
To understand the phenomenon of bullying in adolescence, it is essential not only to strive to establish direct or specific causal relationships (violent films, abuse, social media, online interpretations, etc.), but also to look at constellation of possible psychodynamic underlying. The disposition of a teenager plays a central role; the same is true of the nature of a parent's childhood, of his parenting experience. What needs to be explored when trying to understand the bullying-victim relationship is the incredibly complex relationship between external and internal factors, in the matrix communication between the child, the adult, and the outside world from the beginning. This last point shows us that there is no easy answer to the question asked previously.
This table shows that adolescents who are unable to engage with their impulses or manage their difficulties and who control them, and who do not have an external source of prohibition, or a source of parental retention, give up often the step to the most primitive and perverse practices. raised by anxiety, fear and hate. We must remember that the capacity to withstand painful experiences – resilience – develops from the very beginning of development.
The seeds of the phenomenon are deeply rooted in the individual psyche, a psyche that needs support and care from the first days. However, this is only possible in a society that truly values children and young people, as well as parenting.
The problem of intimidation and its virulence must therefore be managed in two stages; justice must be instilled in children from an early age, but this should not be restricted to guidance and counseling. Learners can be introduced to branches of government, particularly the judiciary and the judiciary, in courses such as social studies and, secondly, by understanding and addressing the underlying dynamics that contribute to the phenomenon.
Article written in collaboration with Batetshi Matenge. Batetshi Matenge holds a Master's degree in Clinical Psychology from the University of Cape Town. She runs a private practice and sees teenagers, adults and couples. Batetshi's professional interests include severe psychopathology, trauma, group badytic therapy and parent-child psychotherapy. In addition to clinical work, Batetshi is pbadionate about advocacy and activism work in mental health.
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