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Scientists have warned that two hours or more of screening per day could lead to behavioral and attention problems in children.
Earlier this year, it was reported that screen time for children under two had more than doubled in 17 years, from an average of 1.32 hours to 3.05 hours.
This indicates that many kids can spend more than three hours a day in front of smartphones, tablets and TV screens, but this could also impact their attention span.
We will tell you what is true. You can form your own view.
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A recent study, published in a scientific journal PLOS One, was conducted by researchers at the University of Alberta in Canada to study the impact of screen time on children's behavior.
Using data from the Canadian CHILD (Healthy Infant Development in Good Health) study, scientists evaluated information collected from nearly 2,500 five-year-olds and their families.
Parents involved in the study reported the time that their children spend in front of a screen every day.
According to the findings of the study, the children spent about an hour and a half in front of a screen at the age of three.
According to the Canadian Pediatric Society, the recommended daily time for three year olds in front of a screen in Canada is one hour.
At age five, children spend an average of 1.4 hours in front of a screen each day.
More than one in five (13%) children over five years has exceeded the recommended two-hour recommended screening period for the age group in Canada.
1/30 30. The studies of Thomas Hughes' Tom Brown (1857)
This moving, charming and poignant story of boarding school life is partly motivated by its merit, but also because it was the first school story that generated so many thousands of books, through Enid Blyton to JK Rowling. And of course, the Flashman tyrant, without whom we would not have had the hilarious series of George McDonald Fraser detailing his later adventures.
2/30 29. Peter Rabbit's tale by Beatrix Potter (1902)
Even Potter knew that she was nostalgically writing about an imagined past. but who could not fail to love this cunningly observed tale of a naughty rabbit? The almost austere prose of Potter's arc interacts seamlessly with his well-studied studies of fauna and flora. Avoid the new movie and respect the original.
3/30 28. How to train your dragon by Cressida Cowell (2003)
Cressida Cowell simply has an exceptional ability to give children what they love. Hiccup Horrendous Haddock III is a Viking who has no place: gawky and geek, his adventures with his hunting dragon, Toothless, are crazy and wonderful. Give it to a child and see him become immediately absorbed.
4/30 27. The Tree of Lies by Frances Hardinge (2015, Macmillan)
The recent winner of the Costa Book Awards is a remarkable novel written by a remarkable writer. Hardinge is a real original, his sentences are poetic and poetic, his alternative world of the nineteenth century is perfectly imagined, and his intelligent and interrogative wife is not just a good model, but also a nice addition to literature.
5/30 26. Morpion of Malorie Blackman (2001)
The novel by Malorie Blackman, former winner of the Children's Prize, describes a world in which African blacks enslaved white Europeans. Whites, or crabs, were economically impoverished, while blacks, or crosses, were in power. A story of interracial love between two teenagers is first a passion and then a tragedy. Powerful, provocative and original.
6/30 25. The mouse and child of Russell Hoban (1967)
A bittersweet and unusual tale in which a mechanical mouse and his child are thrown from a toy store and then have to embark on a journey to find safety. Unlike the movie Toy Story, in which toys are complicit in their bondage, it allows discarded toys to find their own world, built on their own terms. Full of striking images and exciting scenes.
7/30 24. Down with Skool! A Guide to School Life for Pupils and Their Parents by Geoffrey Willans and Ronald Searle (1953)
As everyone knows, reading Molesworth is like belonging to a secret gang. Completed by Ronald Searle's satirical drawings depicting desolate masters and disobedient and disillusioned schoolchildren, all the vanity and hypocrisy of the world is exposed through Molesworth's cynical, sympathetic, and misspelled voice. A grid writer, indeed.
8/30 23. Artemis Fowl by Eoin Colfer (2001)
A wonderfully intelligent book that shifts the convention of children's literature. His hero, Artemis Fowl, is a 12-year-old boy who happens to be also a criminal brain. Containing characters such as the kleptomaniac, the flatulent dwarf and the centaur named Foaly who is also a technical genius, it is a hilarious delight.
9/30 22. The Scarecrows by Robert Westall (1981)
I chose The Scarecrows instead of The Machine Gunners, which is perhaps Westall's best-known book, because I feel he has a quality of terror and an unparalleled understanding of adolescence. It focuses on the tortured relationship of a boy with his stepfather and the encroachment of a murder committed several years ago. Forcibly, tingling and deeply affecting.
10/30 21. The Harry Potter series by J K Rowling (late 20th century)
Published for the first time more than 20 years ago, Harry Potter and the philosopher's stone have opened their eyes to the world's consciousness like lightning. Starting from the initial wonder and unusual charm of the first three books, the series took a darker tone, culminating in an exciting sevenet and a cultural phenomenon.
11/30 20. The ghost of Thomas Kemp by Penelope Lively (1973)
Penelope Lively once said that "children need to feel that we live in a permanent world that stretches behind and in front of us." His writing covers a wide range, and this, his award-winning novel by Carnegie of a house in the guise of a wizard, is strange, effective and engaging.
12/30 19. Tom's Midnight Garden by Philippa Pearce (1958)
Considered by many to be one of the most remarkable examples of children's literature. Tom is excited to stay with his aunt and uncle: but when the alarm clock rings at one o'clock, he finds a beautiful garden in which is a little girl called Hatty, which seems to come from another era. Rich emotionally, it will leave a lasting impression on any child.
13/30 18. The Wizard of Earthsea by Ursula Le Guin (1968)
The recent death of 88-year-old Ursula Le Guin has restored attention to her works. Ged, a dark-skinned boy from Gont Island, raising goats, shows exceptional powers and is sent to learn to be a wizard. The resulting quest is epic, with depth and strangeness that endure.
14/30 17. Wolves of Willoughby Chase by Joan Aiken (1962)
This has all the characteristics of classic children's literature: missing parents, an adult usurper, terrible injustices and the romanticism of winter and wolves. Located in an alternative historical era, where James III reigns, the sinister governess seizes the fortune of little Bonnie. The children will cheer when she is comeuppée.
15/30 16. The story of Ferdinand by Munro Leaf (1936)
What at first sight seems to be a charming story about a little bull who hates fighting becomes a powerful fable about what is expected of boys. Refusing male violence, Ferdinand simply prefers to sit under a cork tree. The illustrations of Spanish matadors, picadors and their arenas are surprisingly evocative.
16/30 15. Where are the wild things of Maurice Sendak (1963)
A picture book that says more about him whenever he is read. Note the magnification of the images as Max's imaginary world grows; how the text, poetic and spared, interacts with the visuals; how Max, through his journey inside himself, meets and overcomes his anger against his mother. The drawings are beautiful too.
17/30 14. Mathilde de Roald Dahl (1988)
I'm willing to bet that after reading this, many children stared at the pencils, hoping they could move them with their minds alone. Dahl's exuberant imagination shines through in this emotionally charged story about a little girl's fight for love and escape. Miss Trunchbull, the vicious director, is one of the great villains of literature.
18/30 13. Rudyard Kipling's Jungle Book (1894)
Brought up by the wolves, Mowgli has to face the terrible tiger Shere Khan, with the help of Baloo, a "sleeping brown bear," and Bagheera, a panther. Full of invention and adventure, the stories were an instant success, animal behavior was credible and, paradoxically, human. Their savagery and subtleties are deeply imbued in the popular imagination.
19/30 12. Five children and her by E. Nesbit (1902)
A representative of the first golden age of children's fiction in the early twentieth century. Psammead (or "sand fairy"), an immortal who ate Pterodactyl at breakfast, grumpy and vain of Nesbit, offers adventure in a world without oppressive evil. The brothers and sisters discover that magic does not always offer a solution.
20/30 11. The King and the Future of T. White (1958)
Captivating, wise, and witty, this collection of three previous books deals with the subject of England. The masterpiece of TH White was to imagine the young King Arthur as Wart, an ordinary boy immersed in extraordinary situations; and his Merlin as a kind and forgetful old man (ie Dumbledore). Neglected in recent years, White deserves once again a place of choice.
21/30 10. The wind in the willows of Kenneth Grahame (1908)
There is a debate about whether Wind in Willows is a children's book or whether it is really a book to awaken the spirit of lost city employees. Be that as it may, the sweet adventures of Mole and Ratty and the ridiculous schemes of Crapaud express a lyrical love of the pleasures of rural life.
22/30 9. The Hobbit of JRR Tolkien (1937)
In The Hobbit, a book stranger than it appears at the beginning, the tiny Bilbo Baggins with hairy feet goes on a trip with dwarfs and is actually rewarded for his flight. The charm of the hobbits world is equal to the excitement of the adventures in which Bilbo is trapped; and many readers will be led to his vast sequel, The Lord of the Rings.
23/30 8. Northern Lights by Philip Pullman (1995)
The demons of Philip Pullman, in his imaginative alternative world spearheaded by a sinister religious organization, are among the most enduring creations of children's literature. His themes are cosmic and vast, with a vertiginous sense of possibility; its haunting story; and to Lyra Belacqua, he has made a heroine that is both attractive, bristly and durable.
24/30 7. The Narnia series of C S Lewis (mid-twentieth century)
The best children's books have a way to change the world around them. Everyone can remember his first encounter with Narnia, then try to break the bottom of the wardrobe to enter the fascinating world. Lewis's stroke of genius, of course, made the animals talk; the chivalrous adventures of children are striking.
25/30 6. The progress of the pilgrim of this world to that of John Bunyan (1678)
One of the first books enthusiastically taken up by children, it is now largely neglected, even by adults and scholars; unfairly because his allegorical power and beauty are unparalleled. His humor and familiar nature make him always accessible. From Slough of Despond to the Celestial City, it is full of memorable places and people.
26/30 5. Peter and Wendy JM Barrie (1911)
Some would argue that this innovative form of the play, Peter Pan, is not a children's book, but rather an accomplice from an ironic and adult point of view; However, children greatly appreciate this product and all its variants. There is the theme park like Neverland world; the sense of unlimited imagination; and the dizzying attraction of flying and magic.
27/30 4. Arabian Nights by Anon (Popular tales)
This glittering series, which Scheherazade addresses every evening to her royal spouse so that he spares his life in order to hear their conclusion, arrived in Europe in 1704 in a French text which also contained Aladdin, Ali Baba and Sinbad the Sailor. Elemental, opulent and wonderful, the stories are full of passion and revenge and remain extremely influential.
28/30 3. The fairy tales of Hans Christian Andersen (19th century)
A strange and shy man, Hans Christian Andersen has produced some of the world's most beautiful and reverberant literary tales about loss, love and nostalgia. Gerda looking for her brother Kay in 'The Snow Queen'; the mute passion of the little mermaid for her prince; beautifully written, they offer comfort and delight.
29/30 2. Kinder- und Hausmärchen ("Tales of the nursery and the house") by Les Frères Grimm (19th century)
Exceptionally influential, this collection of more than 200 fairy tales has seen many editions during Grimms' lifetime. Although the more marine elements have been modified for a prude bourgeois public, fairy tales retain a depth that resonates for both children and adults. We all know Frog Prince and Hansel and Gretel; but did you read "Hans my hedgehog", about a half boy, half a hedgehog?
30/30 1. The Lewis Carroll alice books (19th century)
The adventures of Alice in Wonderland, and on the other side of the mirror, and what Alice found there, constitute an extraordinary collection of books, written by the mathematician Charles Dodgson, under his pseudonym Lewis Carroll . He used logic, humor and inventive fantasy to create the most powerful and unusual works in children's literature. Some have tried to understand why a raven is like an office. But most will just be drawn into an enchantment.
1/30 30. The studies of Thomas Hughes' Tom Brown (1857)
This moving, charming and poignant story of boarding school life is partly motivated by its merit, but also because it was the first school story that generated so many thousands of books, through Enid Blyton to JK Rowling. And of course, the Flashman tyrant, without whom we would not have had the hilarious series of George McDonald Fraser detailing his later adventures.
2/30 29. Peter Rabbit's tale by Beatrix Potter (1902)
Even Potter knew that she was nostalgically writing about an imagined past. but who could not fail to love this cunningly observed tale of a naughty rabbit? The almost austere prose of Potter's arc interacts seamlessly with his well-studied studies of fauna and flora. Avoid the new movie and respect the original.
3/30 28. How to train your dragon by Cressida Cowell (2003)
Cressida Cowell simply has an exceptional ability to give children what they love. Hiccup Horrendous Haddock III is a Viking who has no place: gawky and geek, his adventures with his hunting dragon, Toothless, are crazy and wonderful. Give it to a child and see him become immediately absorbed.
4/30 27. The Tree of Lies by Frances Hardinge (2015, Macmillan)
The recent winner of the Costa Book Awards is a remarkable novel written by a remarkable writer. Hardinge is a real original, his sentences are poetic and poetic, his alternative world of the nineteenth century is perfectly imagined, and his intelligent and interrogative wife is not just a good model, but also a nice addition to literature.
5/30 26. Morpion of Malorie Blackman (2001)
The novel by Malorie Blackman, former winner of the Children's Prize, describes a world in which African blacks enslaved white Europeans. Whites, or crabs, were economically impoverished, while blacks, or crosses, were in power. A story of interracial love between two teenagers is first a passion and then a tragedy. Powerful, provocative and original.
6/30 25. The mouse and child of Russell Hoban (1967)
A bittersweet and unusual tale in which a mechanical mouse and his child are thrown from a toy store and then have to embark on a journey to find safety. Unlike the movie Toy Story, in which toys are complicit in their bondage, it allows discarded toys to find their own world, built on their own terms. Full of striking images and exciting scenes.
7/30 24. Down with Skool! A Guide to School Life for Pupils and Their Parents by Geoffrey Willans and Ronald Searle (1953)
As everyone knows, reading Molesworth is like belonging to a secret gang. Completed by Ronald Searle's satirical drawings depicting desolate masters and disobedient and disillusioned schoolchildren, all the vanity and hypocrisy of the world is exposed through Molesworth's cynical, sympathetic, and misspelled voice. A grid writer, indeed.
8/30 23. Artemis Fowl by Eoin Colfer (2001)
A wonderfully intelligent book that shifts the convention of children's literature. His hero, Artemis Fowl, is a 12-year-old boy who happens to be also a criminal brain. Containing characters such as the kleptomaniac, the flatulent dwarf and the centaur named Foaly who is also a technical genius, it is a hilarious delight.
9/30 22. The Scarecrows by Robert Westall (1981)
I chose The Scarecrows instead of The Machine Gunners, which is perhaps Westall's best-known book, because I feel he has a quality of terror and an unparalleled understanding of adolescence. It focuses on the tortured relationship of a boy with his stepfather and the encroachment of a murder committed several years ago. Forcibly, tingling and deeply affecting.
10/30 21. The Harry Potter series by J K Rowling (late 20th century)
Published for the first time more than 20 years ago, Harry Potter and the philosopher's stone have opened their eyes to the world's consciousness like lightning. Starting from the initial wonder and unusual charm of the first three books, the series took a darker tone, culminating in an exciting sevenet and a cultural phenomenon.
11/30 20. The ghost of Thomas Kemp by Penelope Lively (1973)
Penelope Lively once said that "children need to feel that we live in a permanent world that stretches behind and in front of us." His writing covers a wide range, and this, his award-winning novel by Carnegie of a house in the guise of a wizard, is strange, effective and engaging.
12/30 19. Tom's Midnight Garden by Philippa Pearce (1958)
Considered by many to be one of the most remarkable examples of children's literature. Tom is excited to stay with his aunt and uncle: but when the alarm clock rings at one o'clock, he finds a beautiful garden in which is a little girl called Hatty, which seems to come from another era. Rich emotionally, it will leave a lasting impression on any child.
13/30 18. The Wizard of Earthsea by Ursula Le Guin (1968)
The recent death of 88-year-old Ursula Le Guin has restored attention to her works. Ged, a dark-skinned boy from Gont Island, raising goats, shows exceptional powers and is sent to learn to be a wizard. The resulting quest is epic, with depth and strangeness that endure.
14/30 17. Wolves of Willoughby Chase by Joan Aiken (1962)
This has all the characteristics of classic children's literature: missing parents, an adult usurper, terrible injustices and the romanticism of winter and wolves. Located in an alternative historical era, where James III reigns, the sinister governess seizes the fortune of little Bonnie. The children will cheer when she is comeuppée.
15/30 16. The story of Ferdinand by Munro Leaf (1936)
What at first sight seems to be a charming story about a little bull who hates fighting becomes a powerful fable about what is expected of boys. Refusing male violence, Ferdinand simply prefers to sit under a cork tree. The illustrations of Spanish matadors, picadors and their arenas are surprisingly evocative.
16/30 15. Where are the wild things of Maurice Sendak (1963)
A picture book that says more about him whenever he is read. Note the magnification of the images as Max's imaginary world grows; how the text, poetic and spared, interacts with the visuals; how Max, through his journey inside himself, meets and overcomes his anger against his mother. The drawings are beautiful too.
17/30 14. Mathilde de Roald Dahl (1988)
I'm willing to bet that, after reading this, many children stared at the pencils, hoping they might be able to move them with their minds alone. Dahl's exuberant imagination shines through in this emotionally charged story about a little girl's fight for love and escape. Miss Trunchbull, the vicious director, is one of the great villains of literature.
18/30 13. Rudyard Kipling's Jungle Book (1894)
Brought up by the wolves, Mowgli has to face the terrible tiger Shere Khan, with the help of Baloo, a "sleeping brown bear," and Bagheera, a panther. Full of invention and adventure, the stories were an instant success, animal behavior was credible and, paradoxically, human. Their savagery and subtleties are deeply imbued in the popular imagination.
19/30 12. Five children and her by E. Nesbit (1902)
A representative of the first golden age of children's fiction in the early twentieth century. Psammead (or "sand fairy"), an immortal who ate Pterodactyl at breakfast, grumpy and vain of Nesbit, offers adventure in a world without oppressive evil. The brothers and sisters discover that magic does not always offer a solution.
20/30 11. The King and the Future of T. White (1958)
Captivating, wise, and witty, this collection of three previous books deals with the subject of England. The masterpiece of TH White was to imagine the young King Arthur as Wart, an ordinary boy immersed in extraordinary situations; and his Merlin as a kind and forgetful old man (ie Dumbledore). Neglected in recent years, White deserves once again a place of choice.
21/30 10. The wind in the willows of Kenneth Grahame (1908)
There is a debate about whether Wind in Willows is a children's book or whether it is really a book to awaken the spirit of lost city employees. Be that as it may, the sweet adventures of Mole and Ratty and the ridiculous schemes of Crapaud express a lyrical love of the pleasures of rural life.
22/30 9. The Hobbit of JRR Tolkien (1937)
In The Hobbit, a book stranger than it appears at the beginning, the tiny Bilbo Baggins with hairy feet goes on a trip with dwarfs and is actually rewarded for his flight. The charm of the hobbits world is equal to the excitement of the adventures in which Bilbo is trapped; and many readers will be led to his vast sequel, The Lord of the Rings.
23/30 8. Northern Lights by Philip Pullman (1995)
The demons of Philip Pullman, in his imaginative alternative world spearheaded by a sinister religious organization, are among the most enduring creations of children's literature. His themes are cosmic and vast, with a vertiginous sense of possibility; its haunting story; and to Lyra Belacqua, he has made a heroine that is both attractive, bristly and durable.
24/30 7. The Narnia series of C S Lewis (mid-twentieth century)
The best children's books have a way to change the world around them. Everyone can remember his first encounter with Narnia, then try to break the bottom of the wardrobe to enter the fascinating world. Lewis's stroke of genius, of course, made the animals talk; the chivalrous adventures of children are striking.
25/30 6. The progress of the pilgrim of this world to that of John Bunyan (1678)
One of the first books enthusiastically taken up by children, it is now largely neglected, even by adults and scholars; unfairly because his allegorical power and beauty are unparalleled. His humor and familiar nature make him always accessible. From Slough of Despond to the Celestial City, it is full of memorable places and people.
26/30 5. Peter and Wendy JM Barrie (1911)
Some would argue that this innovative form of the play, Peter Pan, is not a children's book, but rather an accomplice from an ironic and adult point of view; However, children greatly appreciate this product and all its variants. There is the theme park like Neverland world; the sense of unlimited imagination; and the dizzying attraction of flying and magic.
27/30 4. Arabian Nights by Anon (Popular tales)
This glittering series, which Scheherazade addresses every evening to her royal spouse so that he spares his life in order to hear their conclusion, arrived in Europe in 1704 in a French text which also contained Aladdin, Ali Baba and Sinbad the Sailor. Elemental, opulent and wonderful, the stories are full of passion and revenge and remain extremely influential.
28/30 3. The fairy tales of Hans Christian Andersen (19th century)
A strange and shy man, Hans Christian Andersen has produced some of the world's most beautiful and reverberant literary tales about loss, love and nostalgia. Gerda looking for her brother Kay in 'The Snow Queen'; the mute passion of the little mermaid for her prince; beautifully written, they offer comfort and delight.
29/30 2. Kinder- und Hausmärchen ("Tales of the nursery and the house") by Les Frères Grimm (19th century)
Exceptionally influential, this collection of more than 200 fairy tales has seen many editions during Grimms' lifetime. Although the more marine elements have been modified for a prude bourgeois public, fairy tales retain a depth that resonates for both children and adults. We all know Frog Prince and Hansel and Gretel; but did you read "Hans my hedgehog", about a half boy, half a hedgehog?
30/30 1. The Lewis Carroll alice books (19th century)
The adventures of Alice in Wonderland, and on the other side of the mirror, and what Alice found there, constitute an extraordinary collection of books, written by the mathematician Charles Dodgson, under his pseudonym Lewis Carroll . He used logic, humor and inventive fantasy to create the most powerful and unusual works in children's literature. Some have tried to understand why a raven is like an office. But most will just be drawn into an enchantment.
In addition to collecting information on the time that children spend in front of screens every day, the researchers also studied the behavioral patterns of children participating in the study.
The children's parents have completed a child behavior checklist, which is used to identify the emotional and behavioral problems of children and adolescents.
According to the researchers, children exposed to more time in front of a screen between three and five years of age were more likely to develop behavioral and attention problems than those who spent less time in front of a screen daily.
"This association was superior to any other risk factors we assessed, including sleep, parental stress, and socioeconomic factors," said Sukhpreet Tamana, first author of the study and postdoctoral fellow at the Department of Pediatrics's University of Alberta.
According to Piush Mandhane, associate professor of pediatrics and the university, the time spent in front of a screen has a "significant impact" on five-year-olds.
"The current Canadian guidelines do not provide for more than two hours of listening per day at this age, but our research suggests that it is even better to spend less time on the screen," adds the professor.
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Tamana states that encouraging children to participate in organized activities could reduce the risk that they develop behavioral or attention problems.
"Very early on, organized activities are very important for young children," said the researcher.
"This paves the way for children's development, and I think instead of spending time in front of the screen, it would be beneficial for parents to increase opportunities for structured activities."
Les chercheurs de l'étude affirment qu'il est nécessaire de mieux comprendre si le type de contenu auquel les enfants sont exposés sur des écrans a des effets différents sur leur comportement.
Le professeur Mandhane ajoute que, selon leurs recherches, le "temps d'écran optimal" pour les enfants d'âge préscolaire est compris entre zéro et 30 minutes par jour.
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