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The Argentine Association of Respiratory Medicine has provided a series of recommendations and advice for the prevention of seasonal illnesses, with respiratory infections being very common in children and adults due to low temperatures.
In winter, there is an increase in the flow of germs. These include viruses, precursors of infectious diseases – essentially low-risk – which disappear spontaneously between 5 and 7 days after the onset of the disease, are not treated with antibiotics and show a symptomatic improvement with antipyretics .
TYPICAL DISEASES OF WINTER
Cold: is the most common and lasts from 3 to 5 days. The symptoms are: sneezing, congestion and runny nose, small dry cough, headache and not very high fever. Treatment is based on symptom relief, with badgesics, decongestants and / or antihistamines
Influenza or Influenza: lasts between 5 and 10 days. It is transmitted by contact with the secretions of infected persons by droplets that spread by coughing or sneezing, and surfaces or objects contaminated by these secretions. The symptoms are more intense, with more congestion and runny nose, sore throat, high fever, muscle aches and dry cough, which can then be accompanied by secretions. As in the cold, the symptoms are treated.
IMPORTANT: The flu can present complications, be alert and consult promptly in the presence of symptoms such as shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, cough with yellow or green catarrh, pain in the chest .
Bronchitis-Tracheitis: is the inflammation of the bronchi or trachea, which are the tubes through which air circulates. The symptoms are a cough accompanied by an increased production of secretions and, in some cases, bronchospasm. The cause is of viral origin in 80% of cases, antibiotics are indicated according to medical criteria.
Pneumonia: symptoms are high fever, cough with yellowish-greenish sputum or bloody, chest pain, general disintegration, lack of air. It is the most serious infection of the respiratory tract, in some cases it requires hospitalization. The most common cause is bacteria and is treated with antibiotics.
DISEASE PREVENTION
Influenza vaccine
Vaccination is the main preventive measure against influenza. For the 2018 season, it is recommended that the vaccine contain the following influenza strains: A H3N2, A H1N1 and B. The ideal time to apply the vaccine is before the winter season (flu season), before the spread of vaccine. flu virus in the community. The development of antibodies to protect a person against influenza takes about two weeks after vaccination
The flu vaccine does not contain live virus, so it is impossible to cause the flu. Any respiratory illness that causes symptoms immediately after vaccination is a concomitant infection unrelated to vaccination. The most common side effect is a local reaction (pain, erythema) at the site of the injection that lasts no more than 2 days
Pneumococcal Vaccine
Currently the vaccination schedule is indicated in all persons aged 65 and under 65 under certain conditions that must be specified by the attending physician. Pneumococcal vaccines are free from application in risk groups and the indication and the form of application depend on the vaccination history.
RECOMMENDATIONS
The presence of symptoms such as nasal congestion, sneezing, and mucus-free cough is usually viral and does not require antibiotics.
Stay on the lookout for possible complications with early-form consultation in cases of people with basic diseases: cardiological, respiratory, diabetic, kidney and oncology.
Know if the person applies to the indication of influenza vaccination or anti-pneumococcal
Generate clean spaces and with adequate ventilation.
Frequent washing of hands for 10 seconds with soap or regular alcohol gel
Coughing or sneezing, cover with arm or elbow, avoiding use of hand. Discard disposable tissues after use.
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