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Posted on May 20, 2019
"As beautiful as it is, our universe is constantly evolving, often as a result of violent events, such as the next collision between the Milky Way and the Great Magellanic Cloud," said Carlos Frenk, director of the Institute of Computational Cosmology at the University of Durham. "Except disaster, such as a major disruption of the solar system, our descendants, if any, will be fulfilled: a spectacular demonstration of cosmic fireworks like the supermassive black hole recently awakened in the center of our galaxy, Sagittarius A *, reacts by emitting jets of extremely bright energy radiation. "
Looking back into the past of the Milky Way, astronomers from the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics have concluded that six to ten billion years ago, the Milky Way fused to create a frontal collision with a gigantic galaxy containing one to ten billion satellites. mass, and that this collision could produce the character changes in the stellar population currently observed in the stellar halo of the Milky Way.
Federico Marinacci, CfA astronomer, and his colleagues analyzed computer-generated cosmological simulations and their interactions with galaxies. In particular, they analyzed the history of galaxy halos as they evolved as a result of a melting event.
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Looking to the future The Galaxy said: "The destruction of the Great Magellanic Cloud, devoured by the Milky Way, will wreak havoc in our galaxy, awakening the black hole that lives in its center and transforming our galaxy into an" active galactic core ". Quasar, "quoting astrophysicist Marius Cautun and the Institute of Computational Cosmology at Durham University about a new research predicting the collision of our galaxy with the Great Magellanic Cloud in two billion years old.
The CfA image at the top of the page shows drops of gas roughly representing the mass of Jupiter that could form near the supermassive black hole in the center of the Milky Way and enter the intergalactic space.
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"This phenomenon will generate powerful jets of high-energy radiation emanating from outside the black hole," Cautun added. "There is a small chance that we will not escape unharmed from the collision between the two galaxies that could spill us from the Milky Way and penetrate into interstellar space."
The collision could occur much earlier than the expected impact between the Milky Way and another nearby galaxy, Andromeda, which scientists say will reach our galaxy in eight billion years.
The catastrophic meeting of the Great Magellanic Cloud could awaken the sleeping black hole of the Milky Way, which would begin to devour the surrounding gas and grow to ten times. While feeding, the now-active black hole would emit high energy radiation and, although these cosmic fireworks are unlikely to affect life on Earth, scientists say that there is has a small chance that the initial collision can send our solar system to spread in space. .
Galaxies like our own Milky Way are surrounded by a group of smaller satellite galaxies that gravitate around them, in the same way that bees move in a hive. Generally, these satellite galaxies have a quiet life and gravitate around their hosts for billions of years. However, from time to time, they sink into the center, collide and get devoured by their host galaxy.
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The Great Magellanic Cloud is the brightest satellite galaxy in the Milky Way and only entered our neighborhood about 1.5 billion years ago. It is about 163,000 light-years away from the Milky Way. Until recently, astronomers thought it would gravitate the Milky Way for billions of years or escape the gravitational force of our galaxy.
However, recent measurements indicate that the large magellanic cloud contains nearly twice as much dark matter than previously thought. The researchers say that the large magellanic cloud, which has a larger mass than expected, is rapidly losing energy and is doomed to collide with our galaxy.
The research team, led by scientists from the Institute of Computational Cosmology at the University of Durham, in collaboration with the University of Helsinki, Finland, used the EAGLE galaxy-forming supercomputer simulation to predict the collision.
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"We think that until now our galaxy had only little fused with very low mass galaxies," said Alis Deason, also of the Institute of Computational Cosmology. "This represents very slim choices compared to neighboring galaxies of the same size as the Milky Way. For example, our closest neighbor, the Andromeda galaxy, has devoured galaxies weighing nearly 30 times more than those consumed by the Milky Way. Therefore, the collision with the great Magellan cloud is long overdue and it is necessary to make our galaxy typical. "
Looking back at the new Harvard-Smithsonian Astrophysical Research Center: Our Milky Way galaxy probably collided or otherwise interacted with other galaxies during its lifetime; such interactions are common cosmic occurrences. Astronomers can deduce the history of mass accumulation on the Milky Way from a study of debris in the halo of the galaxy left as a tide residue of such episodes.
The approach worked particularly well for studies of the most recent events, such as the influence of the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy a few billion years ago that left bands of tidal currents visible on galaxy maps. The adverse effects that these encounters may have on the Milky Way have, however, not been so well studied, and the even older events are even less obvious to the extent that they become unclear by the natural movements and evolution of the galaxy. .
Some episodes in the history of the Milky Way have been so cataclysmic that they are hard to conceal. Scientists have known for some time that the halo of stars of the Milky Way is radically changing in character with the distance that separates it from the galactic center, as revealed by star composition, stellar motion and stellar density.
The Daily Galaxy via the Harvard-Smithsonian Astrophysical Center and the University of Durham
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