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The problem is overdiagnosed in pensions: one in three adults over 65 accesses one of them (ie, low coverage); there is great inequality for subsidies to the richest; and the system is not viable because the third part of the general budget of the nation is destined for that. The problem is that there are few agreements on how these aspects can be solved.
In the Bank of the Republic's forum: Retirement savings alternatives, the average premium scheme, the public model of Colpensiones and the individual savings plan with solidarity (Rais) – funded by private funds – discovered his letters, as well as academics and think tanks.
Claudia López President and Founder of the International Center of Economic and Social Thought (Cisoe)), invited the discussion to stay out of political quotas and to transcend the idea of a dignified old age
"We must guarantee an income at an advanced age, the problem should not be to return the provisional economies with a" Adriana Guzmán President of Colpensiones
In fact, she stressed that, in the public system, the replacement rate, ie the relationship between the first balance received by an individual in relation to his last payroll, is 65%, private is 40%, and the probability of obtaining a pension is 26% compared to 18% of the competition.
In his defense, he also argues that the private system perpetuates inequalities between the bades, races and ages, taking into account account of the fact that the replacement rate p for men is 50% and for women 30%. And he pointed out that "of the 36.9% of the RPG that is intended for pensions, only 11.4% remains at Colpensiones", the rest is on other items.
And on the other hand, the public model has made significant advances, particularly with its Greater Colombia program and periodic economic benefits (Beps).
In turn, Santiago Montenegro President of the Colombian Association of Retirement and Segregation Fund Administrators (Asofondos), He discovered his pension proposal which does not include the closure of Colpensiones, but that the Rais prevails, with the possibility of being managed publicly and privately.
"A pure distribution system due to the demographic transition, informality and the digitization of society is no longer viable.The intergenerational solidarity of sharing societies was broken, when they will be adults, there will be no one who will pay pensions to adults today. "
To support this idea, Montenegro has badured that today there is 5.5 million adults of 65, of whom 2.8 million do not have access to pension or subsidies, 1.5 million have access to the program of mayors of Colombia (they receive 75 thousand pesos per months) and 1.3 million have a pension.
"If nothing is done by 2055," says Montenegro, 14.2 million people would be older adults and among these, 9.5 million will not be able to do so. would have no pension or subsidy, 2.4 million would have access to the Greater Colombia program and 2, 3 million would have a pension.
Thus, the proposal includes the following:
1. For those who do not have a pension or subsidy. do not have enough capital, we have access to a minimum wage pension of 1150 weeks and at the age of retirement, through a common minimum fund managed by the public and private sectors
2. The rules of the game will not be changed for those who are already retired or who are close to this situation.
3. are not more than ten years old will enter a transitional regime.
4. Semi-contributory scheme, with Beps, for annuities and balancing balances.
5. The non-contributory scheme (Greater Colombia) should include the poverty line and Sisbén 1 and 2.
6. Strengthen the public system with a system similar to that of the Bank of the Republic.
7. The voluntary savings scheme should be strengthened
Finally, Stéfano Farné Director of the Labor Market and Social Security Observatory of Externado University of Colombia, argued that neither public nor private betting The truth is, on the one hand, sustainability and, on the other hand, profitability, but the important thing has been lost: the problem should be adequate income for old age and similar to the wages earned.
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