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Prokopis Pavlopoulos, at the international conference on "Progressive Policies for a Fair Digital Transition," said Prokopis Pavlopoulos at the "Fourth Industrial Revolution".
The essential points of the speech of the President of the Republic are the following:
I. The Fourth Industrial Revolution, which is based mainly on the rapid growth of the information sciences and in particular artificial intelligence, presents us with a "big" dilemma: how should we confront technology? and his achievements? I refer in particular to the "technology" and "technology" dichotomy and the final confrontation between the "partisans" of these two "camps". Confrontation, which occurs unfortunately, as often in the public debate, without having a complete and thorough knowledge of the whole issue and leads to the formulation of extreme views, that is to say, a kind of "manicist" approach to the question.
II. Therefore, your first and very important contribution to the information of the scientific community – and not only of course – our country would clearly explain that the technologies with which the Fourth Industrial Revolution is supposed to provide us are based. to the high achievements of the Spirit.
A. In this way, the emergence of the wealth of ideas constituting the scientific background of modern electronic technologies – which exploits the theory of algorithms, the development of quantum computing, artificial intelligence, etc. – contribute to developing a fruitful dialogue. The dialogue, which will go well beyond the stereotypes advocated by the conservative "technophobes", as well as by the unscrupulous supporters of those of many years ago, the future Alvin Toffler, with his book "The Third Wave" " , On the other hand.
B. Because in reality, the intelligent and innovative ideas and inspirations of the human mind that underlie critical technological advances in the field of information science are not sufficiently well known. It must not be forgotten that there is a remarkable "spirituality" behind, apparently, a "cold electronic technology". Here are two examples to support this statement:
1. First, although I'm not a specialist in these sciences, let me emphasize that I was impressed by John McCormick's book study, "Nine Algorithms That Changed the World". In which, among other things, are presented the "subtle" thoughts that led to the intellectual concept of the innovative algorithm used by Google to rank its results. This algorithm is called "PageRank" and was first introduced by Larry Page and Sergey Brin at a scientific conference in 1998, as part of their work entitled "The Anatomy of 39, a hypertextual Web search engine on a large scale ". (ie "The anatomy of a large-scale hypertext search engine"). So on the search engine indexing algorithm, the shocking realization of Google was based. An accomplishment that has greatly facilitated the various aspects of our daily lives and consists of "finding fleas in the largest barn in the world," according to the eloquent subtitle of the second chapter of the book.
2. Secondly, research on the development of quantum computing – still in its infancy – recalls, as some experts believe, the question of the foundations of quantum mechanics (for example the problem of quantum measurement) and can lead to new approaches through the development of this technology. For example, Scott Aaronson, professor of computer science at the University of Texas at Austin, in his book on the possibilities and limitations of quantum computers, among other criticizes this question. which carries the characteristic title "Quantum Computing since Democritus" (that is to say, somehow, free translation, "Quantum Computation of the Demokritos Era"). We note in this regard that technology is not simply an application of basic scientific research, but sometimes creates conditions and provides "tools" to open new avenues, new methods of solving problems concerning basic research -even. And that must not be forgotten. Indeed, this interesting "recycling" also revitalizes philosophical reflection on fundamental questions – for example, causality, locality, time and space – that posit, lato sensu, the positive sciences.
After the aforementioned reflections on the "spirituality" of modern electronic technology, I would like to mention in particular the characteristics of the so-called fourth industrial revolution and the economic and social implications it should entail. In fact, the second and main contribution of the work of this conference to the relevant public debate would be to highlight the great opportunities that the Fourth Industrial Revolution can bring to the economic development of our country – even beyond – but at the same time: to highlight the extremely harmful consequences that it may have on the labor market, the distribution of wealth and, hence, the structure of its social fabric. To this end, I put forward the following considerations:
A. The most comprehensive presentation, to the best of my knowledge, of the existing and expected achievements of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the negative impacts that need to be addressed in a timely manner have been reported by faculty and staff at the Eric Brynjolfsson Center and Andrew McAfee, from MIT for Digital Commerce, in their book "The Second Machine Age", title that, in the Greek edition, was featured as "The Wonderful Age of New Technologies" . Their study, which was the result of extensive discussions with scientists, technologists and entrepreneurs, resulted in some memorable results, among which I give as an example:
B. The "second era of machines", which the two authors oppose to the "first age of the machine", the industrial revolution of the eighteenth century – which includes, according to the terminology followed by other scientists but also the current Congress , the first three industrial revolutions, has "three basic characteristics: it is exponential, numerical and combinatorial". More precisely:
1. The astonishing improvement in the engine power of engines shows exponential progress, as seems to confirm Moore's law, which generally provides for a doubling of the total duration over 18 months.
2. The largest amount of data available is digitized progressively, reducing their cost.
3. Finally, the combinatorial capacity of technological innovations, increasingly important and qualitatively improved, is obvious (for example, in the field of everyday banking, we are seeing the effects of the increasing implementation of the l & # 39; increasing interconnection of digital machines, machine technology).
C. However, as the aforementioned writers of the book, "The Wonderful Age of New Technologies," despite the significant advances in artificial intelligence over the past decade, researchers working in this field n & # They have not yet "denied" the "Moravec paradox" (named after Hans Moravec, pioneer in the field of robotics and professor at Carnegie Mellon University), formulated in the 1980s. According to this paradox, "It is relatively easy to make computers work satisfactorily in intelligence tests or chess games, but it is difficult, if not impossible, to acquire one-year skills for children in terms of sensory and motor skills ".
IV It should be emphasized that the technical and scientific progress initiated by the Fourth Industrial Revolution is already directly affecting socio-economic developments in most countries, particularly the more technologically and economically developed ones, but not only. their.
A. Advances in their information sciences and technological applications will result in the disappearance of some professions, leading to structural unemployment or, alternatively, "technological unemployment" as John Maard Kings called it. In addition, the application of new technologies sometimes seems to lead to a dangerous opening of the income gap, given, for example, that the average income of American households has been steadily decreasing since 1999, despite the rise in GDP. In this context, Yuval Noah Harari's recent book, "21 lessons for the 21st century", indicates that in modern liberal democracy – once in the form of representative democracy – that is certainly more compatible with the nature of the system of human government, the great danger is not, of course, the literal exploitation of man, but his marginalization. In which he is constrained by the unpredictable technological evolution of a forced exit from the "labor market" and, consequently, by the field of personal creation which consists of defending its value and the free development of its personality.
B. We must therefore take special measures to anticipate similar situations in our country and, more generally, in Europe, by designing appropriate policies to ensure a balanced digital integration of our society and economy in its time. Fourth industrial revolution. What policies are appropriate for the future in the area of employment, in which culture will we build on the success of future generations to meet new challenges and what form of redistributive justice can be taken in the future? context of the state social justice policies of the great success of our European legal and political culture – are critical and insoluble issues, to which we must seriously reflect, using the technocratic knowledge Olic design of a future that does not take long.
C. Indeed, let me repeat for the most part – and in spite of the fear of fatigue – of protecting the state from social justice, especially in Europe, as much as the economic and technological developments that may occur to make it more difficult the continuation of the operations. The Nazi and fascist forms that are developing in Europe today tell us that we must always remain vigilant. The causes of these remains must be eliminated and reminiscent of the nightmares of the Second World War. We must defend social justice and solidarity. Why, by safeguarding social justice and solidarity, causes that break the social fabric and lead to the misery of people will be eliminated and eliminated.
In summary, I believe that we can, in cooperation with our partners in the Great Family of States that make up the European Union, use the technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution to develop policies that can expand the Freedom Initiative. and the individual. on the other hand, they will better and more securely protect social justice and solidarity on our continent. We owe it to the generations of Greeks and other Europeans who follow us.
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