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Two physicists have come up with the exact set of circumstances necessary for a human to enter a black hole, but know that it would be the loneliest one-way trip ever in human history.
For the purpose of their proposal, Leo and Shanshan Rodriquez, both assistant professors of physics at Grinnell College, compared two types of black holes: stellar-sized, with roughly the same mass as our sun, and supermassive, with mass millions or even billions of times larger.
The former does not rotate, with an event horizon radius of about 2 miles. The event horizon is the point of no return where the gravitational or tidal forces of the black hole become so powerful that even light cannot escape.
In contrast, supermassive black holes like the one in the center of the Milky Way galaxy can measure up to four million solar masses and beyond, with an event horizon radius of 7.3 million miles.
In the case of a stellar-sized black hole, the event horizon is much closer to its center than a supermassive black hole, which means that the difference in gravitational attraction between the event horizon and its center is somewhere in the region of 1000 billion. times.
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If a person crossed the event horizon of a stellar-sized black hole, they would undergo a process known as spaghettification, in which all of the atoms in their body would be stretched into a long strand given the extraordinary difference in gravitational attraction. from one point in space-time to the next. It is highly likely that this process would kill the fearless astronaut.
However, a person falling into a supermassive black hole would experience a much more gradual and prolonged free fall without the unsightly spaghetti, passing through the event horizon unaffected by extreme differences in severity given the staggering distances involved.
Another obstacle, however, opposes this extreme free fall; most black holes have extremely hot accretion disks of superheated material torn from the universe around them and smashed together at their doorstep.
So that a human can “without issue” to enter a supermassive black hole, it would have to be isolated from the universe which surrounds it, after having devoured the planets, gas and stars which surround it long before the intrepid astronaut dares to approach the event horizon.
Alas, surviving the trip beyond the event horizon would be the loneliest and most personal trip ever undertaken, as no information can escape the black hole, given the aforementioned gravitational tidal forces to which light itself- even can not escape.
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